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Structuralism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the system of signs all users share, the underlying grammar shared by all
        
        language as a social phenomenon
    - - the individual utterance
        
        language as an individual phenomenon
- - - - Signs acquire meaning in their relation to and difference from other signs and not in their reference to real-world objects
        
        e.g. 'mother' means something because it is different from 'father', 'sister', etc.
        
        MEANING of signs is differential/relational.
  - - - signifier (form/ word)
    - - referent
- - - - analepsis (flashback) vs prolepsis (flashforward)
      - internal vs external focalization
      - homodiegetic vs heterodiegetic narrator
        
        homodiegetic narrator
        
        a character in the story that they are telling. Involved thus biased
        
        heterodiegetic narrator
        
        not a character in the story that they are telling and they remain an outside observer
        
        provide objective background information and judges characters
  - - - uses metalanguage
        
        locates the structures in the texts themselves
        
        works with dichotomies/ binaries oppositions