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New Right View of Education, Short term Orientated - Coggle Diagram
New Right View of Education
Policies
1988 Education Reform Act - Marketisation of Education (Margaret Thatcher)
GCSE and A level league Tables
OFSTED
Introduce competition encourages schools to compete, those that are the best get more budget. - Encourages improvement
Evaluations
OPPOSING EVALUATIONS:
Marxism - Benefits middle classes over working class as they cannot afford private education or to move to an area with a good school.
Ethnic minorities are more at a disadvantage as more likely to be in poverty and so cannot afford to go to a good catchment area.
National curriculum is ethnocentric (ethnicity and gender) and too restrictive on schools and teachers. E.g Feminists would point out that STEM subjects are still restricted to boys rather than girls and curriculum focuses on the achievements of male scientists.
Ethnocentric as also talks about White history and erases stories of black or ethnic minority people
Losing schools attract challenging pupils - further disadvantage the school
Data
Social Metrics Commission
19% poverty had White head of house
46% poverty had Black Caribbean head of house (Greater disadvantage)
Elitist Britain 2019
Supports idea of WC/MC difference to pay to get into better schools, better education, better future
7% attend private school
39% elite attend private school
low social mobility
33% would move to an area within the catchment area of a good school
Countries with most competitive education systems top the PISA league tables
POSITIVE EVALUATIONS:
Overall quality of education has since improved. (However could be grade inflation)
Parentocracy
Parents can pick what school their child goes to rather than just catchment area.
Ensures parents have control and therefore choose schools that have value consensus
Introduction of Vocationalism
Schools should focus on preparing students for work - education aimed at supporting economic growth (Vocationalism makes it specific)
Why did they add these policies?
Believe local comprehensive didn't adequately prepare students for school
Poor education standards failed pupils (1970s)
Parents not having a choice was bad
Local authority schools had very left wing ideology - not patriotic history - radical ideas about sexual orientation and gender which doesn't match views of parents :(
Data/Evidence
e.g Margaret Thatcher removing gay books from schools - Policies ensure more control over material taught
General Beliefs
Free market is most efficient way to meet peoples needs - private companies competition with each other
Economic growth is always the goal
State doesn't interfere with family life (laissez faire)
State schools alone fail pupils
Encourage a meritocratic society
Bad attainment due to lack of will to succeed and motivation
Evaluations
OPPOSING:
Setting and streaming (stephen ball)
Labelling of WC and MC children
Material Deprivation
Cultural Capital - Predominantly MC environment
Bourdieu
SUPPORTING:
(NR) Douglas - Lack of Parental Interest, less likely to attend parents evening
Barry Sugarman - Fatalistic, Instant Gratification, Collective Action
Bernstein
(NR) Charles Murray - Cultural Deprivation, lack the norms/values/attitudes
Value Consensus
National (formal) curriculum
Ensures all schools teach the same shared values
-Universalistic ideas and expectation prepare students for the workplace (matches the workplace environment)
Evaluations
Functionalists agree with value consensus as it provides stability to society
School teach us a national identity through e.g History and English
Evaluation
Sub cultures mean schools dont have enough power to have value consensus
Meritocracy
Encourages people to work hard, those that do will be rewarded - ROLE ALLOCATION
Evaluation
Myth of Meritocracy - Direct criticism of the functionalist meritocracy and also role allocation. Proletariats are persuaded to believe the rich achieved their role in society from working hard rather than inherited privilege, CLASS INEQUALITIES ARE REPRODUCED. Meritocracy ideology helps to develop false class consciousness.
Tumin - Social Stratification prevents potentially smart and talented as lack of opportunities and a social barrier for those of lower classes
Conclusions
Meritocracy is a good idea in theory but based from the idea that everyone has the same opportunity, argued they do not due to material capital possessed by the MC - Disadvantages the WC
Short term Orientated