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IGPE- 2022 Mid year revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Deoxygenated blood coming through the vena cava and into the right atrium
        
        Atrium contracts and the blood is pushed through into the pulmonary artery
        
        Blood travels to the lungs and moves through the capillaries past the alveoli where gas exchange takes place, low pressure blood flow on this side of the heart prevents damage to the capillaries in the lungs
        
        Oxygenated blood returns via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium
        
        Atrium contracts and forced the blood through into the left ventricle
        
        Ventricle contracts and the blood is forced through into the aorta
    - - Heart pumps blood around the body in order to supply oxygen and glucose to respiring cells
        
        Blood also removed waste products from the respiring cells
        
        During exercise, the cells of the muscles respire more rapidly in order to provide energy for muscle contraction, respiration may be aerobic is exercise is more intense
        
        Increase in respiration means an increase in requirement for oxygen and glucose as well as an increase in production of waste products that need to be removed (lactic acid)
        
        Heart rate increases to deliver oxygen and glucose and remove waste more frequently
        
        Volume of blood pumped out of the heart also increases to deliver bigger quantities of oxygen and glucose
        
        At the end of exercise, the heart rate may remain high for a period of time as oxygen is required in the muscles to break down the lactic acid from anaerobic respiration (oxygen debt).
- - - - Cardiovascular system: increase in stroke volume, increase in heart rate, increase in cardiac output, increase in blood pressure
        Respiratory system: increase in breathing rate, increase in tidal volume
        Cardio-respiratory system: increase in oxygen uptake, increase in carbon dioxide removal
        Energy system: increase in lactate production
        Muscular system: increase in temperature of muscles, muscle fatigue
  - - - Cardiovascular system: Increased stroke volume, decrease in resting heart rate, increase in cardiac output, increase in the number of red blood cells, increase size of heart, drop in resting blood pressure.
        Respiratory system: increased vital capacity, increased number of functioning alveoli, increased strength in muscles, increased lung capacity.
        Energy system: increased production of energy, increased tolerance to lactic acid.
        Muscular system: increased strength of tendons, increased strength of ligaments.
- - - - Input: Information that is received. Performer recieved it via their senses.
      - Decision making: Information is analysed by the performer so they can choose the most appropriate response. Stored in short term memory at first then the information is reversed and then stored into their long term memory.
      - Output: Decision is made and then acted upon. Brain sends the information to the muscles.
      - Feedback: Information is also received about the output or decision, this knowledge can be stored and used for future decision. This performer can gather this information via intrinsic or extrinsic feedback.
- - - - Increased heart rate: Adrenaline makes the heart beat faster. More O2 and glucose are pumped into the muscles. --> Muscles tense: Adrenaline causes your muscles to tense in redness for actions. --> Increased respiration: Adrenaline causes someone to breathe faster and more deeply to allow 02 to reach the muscles quickly.