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Learning - Coggle Diagram
Learning
Classical conditioning
Acquisition: development of learned response
US -> UR
Pair US + NS -> R
CS -> CR
NS => CS, UR => CR
e.g. US: food, NS/CS: bell, UR/CR: salivation
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Learning rate
- Extremity (single-trial learning)
- Order of pairing (NS first)
- Delay in pairing (close)
Other concepts
Generalisation: association with similar stimuli
Discrimination: selective association with particular stimuli
Extinction
- Elimination of CR, repeated exposure to CS without US
- Spontaneous recovery: stronger response when undergoing extinction
Exposure therapy: based on extinction
- Flooding
- Systematic desensitisation
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Operant conditioning
Thorndike law of effect: more likely to repeat if good consequences
Skinner - box, rats & pigeons
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Acquisition
- Positive (add), Negative (remove stimulus)
- Reinforcement (more likely), Punishment (less likely)
Rate of conditioning
- Magnitude: bigger -> faster
- Consistency: more -> faster
- Proximity: closer -> faster
- Satiation: high -> slower
Schedules of reinforcement
- Continuous
- Variable vs fixed
- Ratio (frequency) vs interval (time)
Extinction
- Less likely with variable ratio (gambling)
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