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Physical Geography: Glacial Processes, Patterns and Landforms - Coggle…

- - - - Basal sliding
        
        Friction between the base of the glacier and the valley floor
        
        Meltwater acts as a lubricant
        
        Glacier slides downslope under the influence of gravity
      - Plastic flow
        
        Ice crystals react to pressure and gravity
        
        Melting and refreezing
        
        Ice changes internally over time without completely melting or breaking
- - - - Rock is well jointed
      - Rock has already been weakened by freeze-thaw action
      - Bottom of glaciers scrape along valley floors – creates friction causing melting around the base of the glacier
      - Meltwater refreezes
      - Freezes around the rocks on the valley floor and these become part of the glacier
      - Glacier advances
      - Newly trapped rock is plucked out of the valley floor
      - New material is then used in process of abrasion
    - - Occurs when the bedrock beneath the glacier is eroded by the debris/material embedded in the sides and bottom of the glacier
      - ‘Sandpaper effect’ – scrapes the rock over which it is travelling and leaves scratches or grooves in the rock
      - Striations – show the direction of the ice flow