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Introduction to organic chemistry - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to organic chemistry
hydrocarbon
a compound containing hydrogen and carbon only
representing organic molecules
empirical formulae
shows the simplest possible ratio of the atoms in a molecule
molecular formulae
shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule
general formulae
shows a ratio of atoms in a family of compounds in terms of ‘n’ where n is a varying whole number
structural formulae
enough information is shown to make the structure clear, but most of the actual covalent bonds are omitted
displayed formulae
shows the spatial arrangement of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule
definitions
homologous series
a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due them all having the same functional group
All members of a homologous series have
The same general formula
Same functional group
Similar chemical properties
Gradation in their physical properties
The difference in the molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2
functional group
A group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series
isomerism
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different displayed formulae
naming organic compounds
prefix tells you how many carbon atoms are in the molecule
1- meth...
2 - eth...
3 - prop...
4- but...
5- pent...
6- hex...
suffix tells you what functional group is in the compound
...ane - alkane
...ene - alkene
...anol - alcohol
...anoic acid - carboxylic acid
...yl ...anoate - ester
classifying reactions
substitution
A substitution reaction takes place when one functional group is replaced by another
addition
An addition reaction takes place when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products
combustion
In a combustion reaction, an organic substance reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide if incomplete combustion) and water.