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Transkription and Translation - Coggle Diagram
Transkription and Translation
1) Transkription
Was ist Transkription?
Transcription is the synthesis of an RNA sequence from a DNA template
Wo passiert diese Aktion?
This process occurs within the nucleus of a cell
Wie besthet diese Prozes?
Transcription is handeled by the enzyme RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands.
It breakes the Hidrojen bonds between base pairs.
It convalently joins free complementary RNA nucleotides together.
After transcription, the RNA is released to the cytoplasm for translation.
The DNA remains wiğthin the nucleus and reforms a double helix.
2) Types of RNA
Theree main types of RNA may be produced
mRNA
Transcript used to make protein
tRNA
Transfers amino acid to ribosome
rRNA
Catalytic component of ribosome
3) Genetic Code
Was ist das?
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA sequences is converted into a polypeptide sequence.
Was ist Codons?
Triplets of bases which correspond to a particular amino acid
The order of the codons determines the amino acid sequence for a protein.
Die Genetic Code Prozes:
A coding sequence always begins with a startt codon (AUG)
A coding sequence is terminated with a stop codon
Auch wichtige Eigenschaften
Universality
All organisms use the same genetic code
Degenetracy
Multiple codons may code for the same amino acid
4) Translation
Was ist das?
Translation is the process of polypeptide synthesis by the ribosome
Die Ganze Prozes
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transported to the ribosome
A ribosome reads an mRNA sequence in base triplets called codons
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid (as per the genetic code)
Amino acids are transported to ribosomes by transfer RNA (tRNA)
Each tRNA aligns opposite a codon via a complementary anticodon
The ribosome moves along the mRNA sequence (5’ -> 3’) and joins amino acids together with peptide bonds (condensation reaction)
The synthesis of a polpeptide is initiated at a start codon (AUG) and is completed when the ribosome reaches a STOP codon
Wie es aussieht?
5) Gene —> Protein
Was ist eine Gene?
A gene is a sequence of DNA which encodes a polypeptide sequence
One gene=
One polypeptide (proteins may have multiple polypeptides)
The exceptions of this fundamental relationship
Genes may be alternatively spliced (one gene = many polypeptides)
Genes ancoding tRNA or rRNA are transcribed but not translated
Genes may be mutated to alter the original polypeptide product