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Chemical Pesticides :bug: - Coggle Diagram
Chemical Pesticides
:bug:
Toxicity
High toxicity smaller volumes
Act by inhibiting enzyme action
Specificity
Measure of the range of taxa affected
More specific less likely to harm non target
Persistence
Persistent are more chemically stable and degrade more slowly
Reduces frequency of re application
Can increase the likelihood of a pesticide dispersing more widely in the environment
Extends the time period that it may harm non target species
Solubility in water/lipids
water soluble more likely to be washed off
Requires reapplication
Liposoluble may be absorbed and stored within the crop
Possibly entering the human food chain
Mode of Action
Contact action
Herbicides
Kill plants by damaging the tissues they are sprayed onto
Insecticides
Kill insects that are sprayed directly or come into contact
Only protects the crop surfaces it was sprayed onto
Unsprayed crops aren't protected
underside of leaves or new growth
May be washed off by rain
Systemic action
Absorbed by the crop and translocated through the plant
Protects all of the plant and the new growth
Cannot be washed off
Can be retained when harvested and eaten by humans
Cant be removed by washing the crop
Public safety can be increased if a sufficient time period is left between application and harvest
Antibiotics
Kill microbes like bacteria/pathogens
Farming:
Treat infections
Prevent infections
Regular doses
Stops pathogenic bacteria
Done as a precaution
Done especially in high stocking densities
To promote growth
Used to increase Gross Growth Efficiency
Small does promote growth of gut bacteria
Increases the amount of food used for growth
Increases productivity/income
Amount used is greater than healthcare
High dose can kill all of the pathogen population
Lower dose may kill most sensitive
Surviving population is less easily controlled
Large scale as growth promoters produces antibiotic resistant bacteria
Zoonoses may be transferred to humans
E.coli, Salmonella
Hormone pesticides
Kill pests through biochemical action
Dont kill through toxic action
Increase/start natural processes that is harmful
Controls development in a way that will cause death
Metamorphose into adults before they are large enough to function properly
Prevent formation of chitin
Hormone pesticides have low persistence/more specific than most pesticides