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EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: METHOD PURPOSE AND ETHICS - Coggle Diagram
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: METHOD PURPOSE AND ETHICS
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Describe, explain, predict, and/or control phenomena.
Science as a method of knowing is the
most efficient and reliable.
Entails recognition and definition:
Problems
Formulation of hypotheses
Collection and analysis of data
Statement of conclusions
Confirmation or disconfirmation of the hypotheses.
Application of the Scientific Method
in Education
Is the formal, systematic application of the scientific method to study educational research.
Limitations of the Scientific Method
Inability to answer some types of questions.
Inability to capture the full richness of research.
Limitations of measuring instruments.
Need to address participants (ethical and responsible).
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Quantitative Research
The Continuum of Research Philosophies
Certain philosophical assumptions underpin
an educational researcher’s decision to
conduct research.
Issues related to the
nature of reality (ontology)
Qualitative Research
Mixed Methods Research
Combines quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Understand a phenomenon more fully than is
possible.
Is the collection, analysis and interpretation of full and visual narrative data (not numeric) to get information about a particular phenomenon of interest.
Collection and analysis of numerical data it can control the phenomena collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys.
Characteristics of Quantitative and Qualitative Research approaches
- Follow the six steps
Identifying a
Research Problem
Reviewing the
Literature
Selecting
Participants/Sample
Collecting
Data
Analyzing and
Interpreting Data
Reporting and
Evaluating Research
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH BY DESIGN
Quantitative Approaches
Applies statistics and study cause–effect phenomena
Survey Research
Correlational Research
Causal–Comparative Research
Experimental Research
Single-Subject Research
Type of experimental research used to study the behavior of a small number of participants.
Investigates about among variables relations that can be measured, calculated and compared
Investigate differences between some programs or methods. Also called dependent variable.
Examines the relation
between two or more variables.
Involves collecting numerical
data to answer questions.
Qualitative Approaches
Descriptive and systematic research
Narrative Research
Ethnographic Research
Case Study Research
Conducting research on a unit of study or bounded system (classroom, school)
Researchers interact with participants in an specific environment.
Adquires data by collecting stories on a single person.
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH BY PURPOSE
Evaluation Research
Basic and Applied Research
It does not solve immediate practical
problems, it refines theory.
Research and Development
Action Research
Provide
teacher-researchers with a method for solving daily problems
Efforts is to
develop effective products for use in schools.
Arrive at an assessment or appraisal of an object, program, practice, activity, or system.
THE ETHICS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Ethical Issues Unique to Qualitative
Research
Deception
Informed Consent and Protection
From Harm
Research participants enter
the research of their free.
Study participants are assured of
confidentiality.
Sometimes unavoidable but should be
examined critically for unethical practices.
Gaining Entry to the Research site
In acquiring needed cooperation is to follow
required procedures in the chosen site.
Can be made to accommodate the normal routine of
the participants.
Qualitative researchers, because of their closeness to participants, must pay special attention to ethical issues and view informed consent as a process that evolves and changes throughout the study.