Tropical Lung
Pulmonary Schistosomiasis
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Risk factors
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Chest radiography
difusse and nodular infiltrates
Symptoms
Pulmonary symptoms
Non productive cough, dyspnea, Chest pain
Systemic symptoms
Fever, chills, fatigue, headache, myalgia, abdominal pain
Pulmonary hypertension, Cor pulmonale
Schistosoma haematobium
Eggs escape vesical plexus and reach lungs directly
Schistisima mansoni and Schistosoma japonica
Eggs bypass the liver by portosistemic collateral vessels and reach lung
Being from a place where schistosoma is endemic, water exposure, partial
acquired immunity, age, and genetic susceptibility, Previous infection witch schistosomiasis, coinfection with hepatitis B or C, coinfection with HIV
Paragonimiasis
Paragonimus westermani
Risk Factors
Symptoms
Consumption of raw or undercook crayfish (crustaceans), Living near dreinage basin, Common pulmonary diseases
Initial symptoms
abdominal pain and diarrhea, followed by fever, chest pain, cough, urticaria, and eosinophilia
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Chest Radiography
Pleural effussion within 2-12 weeks
Chronic Symptoms
Productive cough of brownish sputum with intermittent
hemoptysis, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with
profuse expectoration and pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea
Can be negative or show diffuse infiltration, cysts measuring about 4 cm in diameter, nodules, calcifications, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax.
CT
Nodules, internal mammary and cardiophrenic lymphoadenopathy, pericardial effusion, linear tracks between nodules and pleura
Other species
Paragonimus miyazaki, Paragonimus skrjabini and Paragonimus hueitungenis, Paragonimus heterotrema, Paragonimus uterobilateralis, Paragonimus africanus, Paragonimus mexicanus, Paragonimus kellicotti
Histoplasmosis
Symptoms
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Histoplasma capsulatum
Risk factors
Living near river valleys, template climates and humidity, Exposure to bird and bat feces, being near construction places, mines or disruption of soil. Immunocompromised and children younger than 2 years
mild influenza-like
illness
Fever that may reach 42° C, headache, nonproductive cough, chills, and chest pain, substernal discomfort Pleuritic chest pain, malaise, weakness
Clinical findings show crackles on auscultation and rarely hepatoesplenomegaly
Complications
Fibrosis and granuloma
postobstructive pneumonias, hypoxemia, and bronchiectasis
Chronic disease
Cavitary sindrome
low-grade fever, productive cough, dyspnea, and weight loss of insidious onset. Night sweats, chest pain, hemoptysis, and malaise are less common. Hemoptysis is rare
Non cavitary disease
cough, weight loss, and fever and chills.arthralgia, dyspnea, fatigue and chest pain
Radiography
nodules, infiltrates, and lymphadenopathy.
Less common are fibrosis, thickened pleura, and volume loss, cavitary lessions
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Agents
Agents
Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii
Risk Factors
Living in endemic areas, when there´s dry season followed by a rainy one.
Immunosupressed
Symptoms
Primary infection can be asymptomatic
chest pain, dyspnea, night sweating, cough, and fever, diffuse reticular pneumonia, fatigue
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Abnormal findings in radiography
unilateral infiltrates, hilar adenopathy, and pleural effusions
Nodules and cavities can be found in larger stages
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii
Risk Factors
Symptoms
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minority of patients develop symptomatic infection
children, adolescents, and adults under 30 years of age, Living in areas of endemicity (tropical rainforest), agricultors, immunosupressed
Chronic disease: fever, asthenia, general malaise, weight
loss, cough, expectoration, hemoptysis. There´s lung involvement and frequent lesions in the mucosae,
skin, adrenal.
Radiography
interstitial infiltrates, mixed lesions such as nodular and alveolar infiltrates (frequently bilateral and symmetrical) located preferentially in the central and lower fields
CT
interlobular septal thickening, peribronchovascular interstitial thickening, centrilobular opacities, intralobular
lines, ground-glass opacities, cavities, and airspace consolidation