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SPAIN IN THE 17TH CENTURY, image, image, image, image, image, image, image…
SPAIN IN THE 17TH CENTURY
Spanish Monarchy's Decline
On the Peninsula
The economic situation worsened
On an international level
Spain began to lose
Its political importance
Until it became a second rate power
The Austrian Habsburgs
Freed themselves
Of their governmental obligations
Delegated power
To their validos
Trusted advisors
Who acted as prime ministers
The validos
Used their power
To become rich
To give positions of power and priviledges
To their supporters and family
This corruption
Increased rivalry
Among the different groups of nobles
Leading to conspiracies
The Austrian Habsburgs
Felipe III (1598-1621)
His valido the Duke of Lerma governed
Spain was bankrupt
To reduce expenses
The armed conflicts were ended
A peace treaty was signed
With England
A truce was declared
With the Protestants in the Low Countries
The expulsion of the Moriscos was ordered (1609)
They were accused
Of being fake christians
Of practising their own religion in secret
Felipe III wished to
Demonstrate his commitment to Catholicism
Compensate for ceding
To the Protestants in the Low Countries
The Moriscos
Were considered untrustworthy
By the rest of the population
This expulsion
Had an extremely negative effect
On the Spanish economy
Particularly in agriculture
Felipe IV (1621-1665)
Delegated power to his valido
Count-Duke of Olivares
Attempted to regain power
Over Europe
Spain took part in new wars
Thirty Years' War
Olivares
Attempted to introduce centralising reforms
To increase tax collection
The Union of Arms
Proposed that all the kingdoms
Ruled by the Spanish monarchy
Provide soldiers and funds
To cover the cost of the European wars
In the Crown of Aragon's kingdoms
The courts opposed this idea
And the proposal failed
Spain went bankrupt several times
The toll the war was taking
Provoked numerous domestic rebellions
In Catalonia
In Portugal
The nobility managed
To appoint a Portuguese king
Provoked conspiracies
In Andalucía and Aragón
Provoked revolts
In Naples and Sicily
Spain
Following the Peace of Westphalia
Focused on
Controlling its domestic revolts
While simultaneously resuming
Its war against France
In 1652
The royal army
Took control of Barcelona
Ended the revolt in Cataluña
Felipe IV's troops were defeated
By the French army
With the support of England
Spain was forced to sign
A peace treaty with France
The Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659)
France renounced Catalonia
But gained the Catalonian territories
2 more items...
A marriage was arranged between
Louis XIV
1 more item...
Maria Theresa
2 more items...
The war against Portugal continued
With the support of England and France
In 1668
Spain recognised Portugal's independence
Carlos II (1665-1700)
Carlos II
Was a minor
When he came to the throne
Was suffering
From an illness
Left no heirs
Creating a serious conflict
Over succession
When he died
France continued its hostilities
Against a weak Spain
Gaining more territories
The War Of Succession (1701-1713)
Felipe, Duke of Anjou
Was named by Carlos II
As his successor
To the Spanish throne
Was from the Bourbon dynasty
Was the grandson
Of King Louis XIV of France
In all the other countries
This decision
Caused great fear
Would mean that
The thrones of Spain and France
Would be united
Under a single ruler
An anti-Bourbon alliance
Was formed
Carlos, Archduke of Austria
Was proposed as
A candidate for the throne
Candidates and their supporters
Felipe
Was proclaimed King of Spain
As Philip V
In Madrid in 1700
Was supported by
Castile and France
The Archduke Carlos
Was proclaimed King of Spain
In Barcelona in 1705
Was recognised by
The Courts of Aragón, Valencia and Cataluña
Had the military support
Of a coalition formed by
Austria, Great Britain, the United Provinces, Portugal, Savoy and Prussia
The Battle of Almansa (1707)
Felipe won
He conquered Valencia and Aragón
The coalition also gained victories
The war continued
In 1711
The Archduke Carlos
Inherited the throne of Austria
Caused fear of a possible union
Between Spain and Austria
The Treaty of Utrecht was signed (1713)
Between France and the coalition
With the exception of Austria
In 1714
Felipe V
Took control of Barcelona
Ended the war
The Treaty of Rastatt
Consequences
France
Imposed Felipe V as King of Spain
Was governed by the Bourbon dynasty
Felipe had to renounce
Austria
Gained the Spanish
Low Countries, Naples, Sardinia and Milan
Savoy acquired Sicily
Great Britain
Gained Gibraltar, Minorca and the French colonies in North America
Obtained trade concessions
With the Spanish colonies
A monopoly on slaves
Spain
Lost its European territories
But maintained the ones it held in the Americas
This was the lowest point in Spain's decline
It began to recover slowly
The kingdom of Spain
Became a centralised state
Based on the French model
Felipe V
Passed the Nueva Planta' decrees (1707-1716)
Abolished
The fueros
The institutions of the Crown of Aragón
Aragón, Valencia, Cataluña and Mallorca
These were replaced by Castilian laws
