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Exterior of the Skull, Norma Frontalis, Norma Basalis, Norma Lateralis -…
Exterior of the Skull
Norma Verticalis (Superior)
Bones
Frontal (Squamous part - Anterior)
Parietal (Paired - Midline)
Occipital (Squamous part - Posterior)
Sutures
Coronal Suture
Frontal & Two Parietal Bones
Sagittal Suture
Two Parietal Bone
Lambdoid Suture
Occipital & Two Parietal Bones
Norma Occipitalis (Posterior)
Bones
Parietal
Occipital
Mastoid part of Temporal Bone (Inferolateral)
Suture
Lambdoid Suture
Occipital & Two Parietal Bone
Occipitomastoid Suture
Occipital & Mastoid part of Temporal Bone
Parietomastoid Suture
Parietal & Mastoid part of Temporal Bone
Norma Frontalis (Anterior)
Bones
Frontal
Nasal
Maxillae (Right and Left)
Zygomatic Bone
Mandible
Sutures
Frontonasal
Frontomaxillary
Internasal
Zygomaticomaxillary
Norma Lateralis (Lateral)
Bones
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Mandible
Maxilla
Nasal
Suture
Coronal Suture
Frontal & Parietal
Parietosquamosal Suture
Parietal & Squamous Part of Temporal Bone
Lambdoid Suture
Occipital & Parietal
Norma Basalis (Inferior)
Three Regions
Anterior Part of Norma Basalis
Middle Part of Norma Basalis
Posterior Part of Norma Basalis
Two Imaginary Line
Anterior Transverse Line
Passes along the Posterior the Posterior margin of the Hard Palate
Posterior Transverse Line
Passes along the Anterior margin of the Foramen Magnum
Norma Frontalis
Orbital opening
Supra-Orbital Margin
Lateral Orbital Margin
Infra Orbital Margin
Medial Orbital Margin
Frontal Region formed by Frontal Bone
Prominence of Cheek formed by Zygomatic Bone (Malar Bone)
Bony External Nose & Anterior Nasal Aperture
Upper & Lower Jaws
Norma Basalis
Middle Part of Norma Basalis
Extend from Posterior Margin of the Hard Palate to an Imaginary transverse line that crosses the anterior margin of the Foramen Magnum
Median Area
Posterior Border of Vomer
Broad bar of Bone
Lateral Area
Pterygoid Process
Infra Temporal Surface of Greater Wing of Sphenoid
Four Margin
Four Foramina
Spine of Sphenoid
Sulcus Tubae
Inferior Surface of the Petrous Temporal Bone
Downward edge of Tegmen Tympani
Posterior Part of Norma Basalis
It is behind the Imaginary Transverse line passing the anterior margin of Foramen Magnum
Median Area
Foramen Magnum
External Occipital Crest
External Occipital Protuberance
Lateral Area
Occipital Condyle
Hypoglossal Canal
Condylar Fossa
Jugular process of Occipital Bone
Jugular Foramen
Tympanic Canaliculi
Stylomastoid Process
Anterior Part of Norma Basalis
Hard Palate
Formed by 2 pairs of Bony process
Palatine process of Maxillae in front (Anterior 2/3)
Horizontal Plates of Palatine behind (Posterior 1/3)
Presents Intermaxillary, Interpalatine & Palatomaxillary Sutures
Alveolar Arch
U shaped ridge of bone formed by the Alveolar Process of Two Maxillae
Norma Lateralis
Features
Temporal Line
Zygomatic Bone
External Acoustic Meatus
Suprameatal Triangle
Mastoid Process
Asterion
Styloid Process
Temporal Fossa
Pterion
Surface Marking of Pterion
Infra Temporal Fossa
Pterygomaxillary Fissure