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Pol2 Sovereignty - Coggle Diagram
Pol2 Sovereignty
Stats and Examples
Franco-German Agreement, COVID recovery fund
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China in Africa is now its largest trade partner, extensive loans- $153 billion to African public sector borrowers between 2000 and 2019, resource-backed lending model where future revenue from exports has to pay the loans
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Iran
1951: Mohammed Mossadegh elected PM of Iran, 1952: Times 'Man of the Year'
Churchill described AIOC (BP) as 'a prize from a fairyland beyond our wildest dreams', pre-WWII, UK got £800million of oil profits whilst Iran only got £105million
1953 CIA document titled 'Campaign to install pro-western government in Iranian authority' saw Mossadegh placed on house arrest and Shah returned to Iran
new contract gave 50% of oil revenues to Iran, a sum Michael Luders claims Mossadegh probably would have been happy with
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since 2001, the US has militarily intervened in 7 Muslim states: Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Yemen, Pakistan, Libya, Syria
NYT: 'the United States and Israel are discussing ways to destabilize the Palestinian government so that the newly elected Hamas officials will fail and elections will be called again'
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League of Nations Covenant (1924): independence dependant upon 'the stage of development of the people', replaced in UN charter (1945): 'membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter'
October 2021, agreement by large majority of countries to set minimum rate of corporation tax at 15%, retain ability to co-ordinate with each other to restrict corporate power
Apple has market cap of $2.1 trillion, higher than many countries, including Russia's GDP
Waning
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EU and COVID
Leonard: 'the emerging conventional wisdom was that covid-19 has: created a surge in public support for a newly empowered role for the state'
but 'several weeks into the crisis, a replacement conventional wisdom emerged that held that, actually, a federalist moment of European integration was coming into being'- new thinking of statehood that hasn't been caught up with
Denmark: 60% of voters have greater confidence in gov. and believe it performed well, France 61% have less confidence and believed it performed badly
'commentators were quick to describe the Franco-German agreement, as a 'Hamilton moment' for the EU, suggesting that the covid-19 response is a staging post on the road to a United States of Europe in which more sovereignty will rest with Brussels
Habermas: 'the EU naturally comes to mind as an example of a democracy functioning beyond the limits of the nation-state'
Habermas: 'the Market Europeans would like to preserve the European status quo, because it seals the subordination of fragmented nation-states to market-led integration'
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is it a new location of sovereignty (in the EU), or a meaningfully different concept of sovereignty
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Devji: in ISIS video, 'the initial scene, in which the Iraqi-Syrian border is erased, may be interpreted as an elimination of the state and , therefore, politics as such'
'al-Qaeda's ubiquitous logic of mirroring is important because it defers and displaces the sovereignty of its own actions on to those of its enemies'
migration and bordering
Brown: 'wall building as theatre pieces for national populations specifically unsettled by global forces threatening sovereignty and identity at both the state and individual level'
Brown: these barriers do not repel, but divert migration flows... converts whole nations into European borders'*
Duedney & Ikenberry: 'as civic and capitalist identities have strengthened, ethnic and national identity has declined'
LIO
Deudeney & Ikenberry: 'the most important co-binding institution in the West, of course, is NATO'
hegemony theorists suggest that ;order is maintained because the United States has the capacity and the will to compel and coerce to establish and maintain rules and to provide inducements and rewards to its client states in Europe and Asia'
Glaser: 'the LIO is built on negotiated rules that all states, including the most powerful state, accept'
'framing U.S. policy in terms of the LIO obscures, intentionally or unintentionally. the potentially assertive nature of U.S. policies'
Mazzarr: 'helped sustain the global economy and deter aggression' because 'nations knew that to sustain their competitiveness, they could not oppose the prevailing order'
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Haas: 'liberal in the sense that it was to be based on the rule of law and respect for countries' sovereignty and territorial integrity. Human rights were to be protected'
Mearsheimer: 'the best way to ensure that the rights of foreigners are not trampled on is for them to live in a liberal democracy... regime change'
Mearsheimer: 'international anarchy makes it strategically foolish for a state to pursue a liberal foreign policy unless it is far more powerful than every other state in the system'
Questions
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'Sovereignty is the necessary foundation for international peace and justice'. Assess the validity of this statement.
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assymetrical
Mann: 'the decline of 'hard politics' in a post-nuclear age weakens northern, but not most southern, states' as most 'actually possess rather limited control over their territories and boundaries'
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international system has always been hierarchical so what is labelled as sovereignty is actually the sphere of action that major powers permit
International orgs
Criminal Justice
Tribunals
Akhavan: 'resort to international criminal tribunals can paly a significant role in discrediting and containing destabilizing political forces'
'now that a mounting number of wartime leaders are in the dock or on the run, one can fairly say that both the ICTY and the ICTR have become viable international judicial institutions'
Akhavan: 'the removal of leaders with criminal dispositions and a vested interest in conflict makes a positive contribution to postconflict peace building'
ICC in Uganda
Branch: 'the ICC should avoid intervening into ongoing conflicts', 'reductive discourse'
Branch: 'ICC intervention, by providing international legitimation for the military campaign in the name of enforcing international law, has cleared he way for the governments militarism'
Branch: 'the ICC teaches people to wait for justice at the hands of the 'international community' and not to organize on their own so as to realize justice' so 'promotes a kind of political dependency among the citizenry, mediated by global law'
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UN
1945: UN founded w/ 51 members, 1961: 103, 1976: 147, Africa forming largest regional block
UN resolution 1973 citing 'responsibility to protect Libyan citizens' taken as a carte blanche to remove Gaddafi