Describe, explain, predict, and control phenomena.

Involves developing generalizations based on observation

Involves essentially the reverse process—arriving

The scientific method is an orderly process that entails recognition and definition of a problem.

• Analysis of numerical data to explain phenomena of interest.
• Key features of quantitative research
• Contextual control of factors
• Use of numerical, statistical approaches.
  

• Analysis of comprehensive narrative and visual data
• Key features of qualitative research include
• Using nonnumeric, interpretive approaches

Describe current conditions, investigate relations, and study cause–effect and strength that exists between quantitative and qualitative research

Include narrative research, ethnographic research, and case study research.

Quantitative research approaches are applied to describe current conditions, investigate relations, and
study cause–effect phenomena

determines and reports the way
things are; it involves collecting numerical data to
test hypotheses or answer questions about the current status of the subject of study.

involves collecting data to
determine whether, and to what degree, a relation
exists between two or more quantifiable variables

To determine the cause, or reason, for existing differences
in the behavior or status of groups of individuals

Conducted solely for the purpose of developing or refining a theory. Applied research is conducted to find solutions to current problems.

Systematic process of collecting and analyzing data about the quality, effectiveness or value of programs, products, or practices.

Process of researching consumer needs and then developing products to fulfill those needs.

Researchers obtain informed consent by making sure that research participants enter the research of their free will and with understanding of the nature of the study and any possible dangers that may arise because of participation.

Occurs when a researcher poses a topic that, if disclosed completely to potential participants

Evolve and change as the researcher’s immersion in and understanding of the research setting grow.

To conduct educational research without the cooperation of other

Sources of research problems are
theories, personal experiences, previous studies, electronic mailing lists and library searches.

Characteristics of a good research: Interest to the researcher and that it is researchable using the collection and analysis of data.

The problem statement is the first item in
the introduction to a research plan

Quantitative research problems are usually
narrowed quickly at the start of a study.

Breathes life into the research problem statements.

Is formulated based on theory or on knowledge gained while reviewing the related literature.

A deductive hypothesis is derived from theory and providing evidence that supports aspects of a given theory.

Measuring instruments, design that will enable to collect the data necessary to test the hypothesis.

Qualitative researchers do not state formal hypotheses. Qualitative researchers operationalize the hypothesis through the development of research questions that provide a data collection.