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Spain: dictatorship and democracy
THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA
In 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera led a military coup and established a right- wing dictatorship
He claimed that only a dictatorship could put an end to the problems which had emerged during the reign of Alfonso XIII
Domestic policy, the Patriotic Union became the official party of the dictatorship
Foreign policy, the dictatorship won a definitive victory in the war in Morocco after the success of the landing of Spanish troops at Alhucemas in 1925
The economy, a plan was implemented to build large public works, such as hydroelectric power stations, reservoirs and canals, roads, ports and railways
THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
The Second Republic is divided into three periods: the left-wing or reformist biennium, the centre-right biennium and the Popular Front
The left-wing or reformist biennium (1931–1933)
Territorial reforms
Military reforms
Agricultural reform
Labour reforms
Educational reforms
The centre-right biennium (1933–1936)
In Asturias, it was a social revolution and the miners took control of the coalfields and proclaimed a revolutionary government
In Cataluña it was a political revolution and the president of the autonomous community, Lluis Companys, proclaimed a Catalan state
The Popular Front (1936)
Left-wing parties formed a coalition called the Popular Front and won the elections in February 1936
Manuel Azaña became the president of the Republic, and Casares Quiroga became head of the government
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The civil war was a military conflict which took place between 1936 and 1939
Reasons for the outbreak of the war
To end left-wing government reforms
To end the Republic and re-establish the political and social order
To end public disorder
The development of the war
Northern campaign
Battle of the Ebro
March to Madrid
The end of the war
The consequences of the civil war
Economic
Demographic
Political
Cultural
