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Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
In Germany, Italy and the USSR, authoritarian dictatorships came to power. In these regimes, power was concentrated in the hands of a supreme leader and one ruling political party
THE USSR: STALINISM
Stalinism was the system of totalitarian government which was established in the USSR when, after Lenin's death in 1924
Characteristics
The economy was planned and controlled by the state; means of production (land and factories) became state property
Stalin aimed to establish social equality, guaranteeing healthcare, education and housing for all citizens
All political power was held by Stalin
ITALIAN FASCISM
Fascism was the system of authoritarian government established by Benito Mussolini in Italy when he became head of the government in 1922
In 1921, Mussolini formed the National Fascist Party
In politics
He transferred all power to himself
He was the leader of the only political party, head of the government and head of the army
All other parties were prohibited and he persecuted those who opposed his regime
Government intervention in the economy was established, particularly after the economic crisis of 1929
Mussolini's social policies put an end to the unrest because he removed workers' rights, such as the right to a union and to strike
NAZI GERMANY
Nazism was the system of dictatorship established by Adolf Hitler in Germany
The triumph of totalitarianism in Germany can be explained by the humiliation Germans felt over the territorial and economic conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles
In 1921, Adolf Hitler became the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSGWP), commonly known as the Nazi Party
In 1934, he was proclaimed head of state, and he established the Third Reich
There was great economic development
