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SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND DEMOCRACY
dictaroship of Primo De Rivera
1923
led a military coup and established a right- wing dictatorship
Alfonso XIII
accepted the dictatorship
reforms
Domestic policy
Patriotic Union became the official party of the dictatorship
objective was to re-establish order
suppressing demonstrations
Foreign policy
dictatorship won a definitive victory in the war in Morocco
air force, navy and ground troops staged a coordinated attack
economy
plan was implemented to build large public works
These works helped create employment
State monopolies were also set up
Second Spanish Republic
1931
constitutional monarchy of Alfonso XIII was restored
municipal elections were held
The left-wing or reformist biennium
1931-1933
government was made up of republicans
write a new Constitution (1931)
reforms
Territorial reforms
Territorial reforms: Cataluña was given a statute of autonomy
Military reforms
the Azaña law reduced the excessive number of army officers
Agricultural reform
large agricultural estates were expropriated
Labour reforms
the Law of Labour Contracts forced business owners to negotiate working conditions with the trade unions
The centre-right biennium
1933.-1936
Elections were held and the centre-right parties won
Alejandro Lerroux as the new head of government
strike became known as the October Revolution
failed all across Spain, apart from in Asturias and Cataluña.
Asturias
it was a social revolution
Cataluña
it was a political revolution
The Popular Front
1936
Left-wing parties formed a coalition called the Popular Front
Manuel Azaña became the president of the Republic
The government reforms provoked protests and violent clashes
The Spanish Civil War
Reasons for the outbreak of the war
1936
most conservative and anti-republican section of the army rebelled in Morocco
18 July the rebellion spread to the peninsula.
aims
to end public disorder
to end left-wing government reforms
to end the Republic and re-establish the political and social order
The development of the war
objectives
Northern campaign
the next objective for Franco was to take Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco
Battle of the Ebro
the Republicans began the battle of the Ebro
March to Madrid
Nationalists tried to occupy Madrid, the seat of the Republican government
The end of the war
in March, the Nationalist army took Madrid and on 1 April 1939, the war ended.
The consequences of the civil war
Political
an authoritarian regime was set up
Economic
economic losses were high due to the destruction of infrastructure,
Demographic
half a million Spanish people died during the civil war
Cultural
ideological repression was implemented through education and culture
