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Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
Authoritarianism and totalitarianism
factors that contribute
The power of the
state increased
during the crisis of 1929
This had never happened before
in the previous liberal democratic system
The war had aroused
nationalist feeling
reinforced by the economic
crisis of 1929
defending the nation
from foreign threats
protectionist policies
New parties were formed
that represented the working masses
discontented due to unemployment
The First World War
Many soldiers found it difficult
to adapt to civilian life
had established habits of military
after they returned from the war
common characteristics
Foreign policy
regimes pursued an expansionist
foreign policy to gain new territories
new markets and raw materials.
Economy
imports were minimalised
to benefit national production.
public works programmes were set up
Companies were nationalised
Politics
single political party which supported him
anti-democratic government
Citizens' rights were limited
no political parties, trade
unions or free elections
an authoritarian dictatorship
Society
classes of society supported the regime
informed by the state
system provided a solution
to their problems
THE USSR: STALINISM
Stalinism was the
system of totalitarian
Lenin's death in 1924
Joseph Stalin eliminated
all possible political rivals
control of the CPSU
following characteristics
political power
set up a system in which the party
leaders ran the country
Constitution of 1936
citizens' rights such
universal suffrage
gained control of the CPSU
CPSU as the only political party
propaganda and repression to
impose his dictatorship
Komintern Third International
communist parties in Europe.
coordination of the CPSU with other
The economy
industrialisation of the USSR
Stalin introduced a series
of five-year plans
objectives plans
nationalisation of existing
industries and investment
the expense of consumer goods
heavy industry, such as
iron and steel
footwear and electrical
appliances
the construction
of hydraulic works
increase the production of electricity
needed to supply industry
collectivisation of land
force and forced obligation
of the workers to cultivate
types
Kolkhoz
collective-owned farm
workers received part
of the harvest as a wage
Sovkhoz
the workers were
paid a wage
a soviet-owned farm
establish social equality
on a minimum wage
guaranteeing
education
healthcare
housing for all citizens
in times of food shortages
production was destined for export
ITALIAN FASCISM
In 1921
formed the National Fascist Party
creation of the Fasci
In 1919, following their success
Benito Mussolini created the first
Fasci combat groups
helped maintain order
in the streets
following measures
Government intervention
in the economy
mines and the arms industry
were nationalised
after the economic crisis of 1929
large scale public works
projects were begun
In politics, in 1926
the only political party
head of the government and
head of the army
In he persecuted those who
opposed his regime
Mussolini's social policies
put an end
indoctrinated the population
through the education
increased the birth rate
by offering subsidies to large families
NAZI GERMANY
In 1921
Adolf Hitler became the
leader of the National Socialist
Their political programme was based
mainly on the rejection of
the Treaty of Versailles
following measures
great economic development
public works and the
development of the arms
was extremely anti-Semitic
during the 1930s German Jews were persecuted
1934
established the Third Reich
Nazi Party became the only legal political party
Hitler began an expansionist policy
lost in WWI
