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Urinary Incontinence - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Females > males
      - Dogs >> cats
        
        Dogs = intramural ureter
        
        Cats = extramural ureter
      - May have concurrent USMI
      - Other concurrent abnormalities i.e., hydronephrosis, hydroureter and rarely ureterocoeles
    - - Continual dribbling urinary incontinence
      - May still posture to urinate
      - Urine scalding
      - UTIs
    - - Retrograde vaginourethrogram
      - CT
      - Cystoscopy
        
        Mesonephric remnants
    - - Management of concurrent UTI
      - Reposition ureteral opening
      - Continence achieved in only half of surgical patients
      - Concurrent medical therapy may improve response
- - - - Large breeds
      - Neutering prior to first season
      - Rottweilers, Old English Sheepdogs, Boxers, Red Setters
      - Docked
      - Uncommon in male dogs
        
        Congenital or acquired
        
        Intrapelvic bladder neck
        
        Castrated
    - - Phenylpropanolamine (Propalin) 1.5mg/kg BID PO
        
        Combine with oestrogens
        
        Oestriol (Incurin) 1mg tablet per day (increase or decrease as required)
        
        Max dose 2mg/kg TID
      - Ephedrine hydrochloride 5-15 mg/kg TID PO
        
        Not liscenced
      - In male dogs
        
        Testosterone 50-150 mg SC/IM monthly
      - Imipramine
        
        Improves bladder storage function
        
        Alpha adrenergic function
      - GnRH analogue
        
        causes LH and FSH to fall
        
        Successfully used for management of refractory incontinence
      - Surgical