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SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND DEMOCRACY
Dictatorship of primo de Rivera
In 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera led a military coup and established a right- wing dictatorship
he stablished new reforms
dictatorship won a definitive victory in the war in Morocco
large public works were implemented and employment was created
Patriotic Union became the official party
the king withdrew his support for the dictator and in 1930, Primo de Rivera resigned
The civil war
civil war was a military conflict which took place between 1936 and 1939
Reasons
to end left-wing government reforms
re-establish the political and social order
to end public disorder and fear of a working class revolution
development
Nationalists tried to occupy Madrid but they were defeated
next objective was to take Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco because they received its statute of autonomy
Republicans began the battle of the Ebro in order to stop the Nationalist
Nationalist army took Madrid on 1 April 1939 and the war ended
consecuences
economic losses were high
half a million Spanish people died during the civil war
authoritarian regime was set up
ideological repression was implemented
The second spanish republic
14 April 1931, the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed
left-wing biennium
Niceto Alcalá Zamora--> president of the Republic
Manuel Azaña--> head of the government
write a new Constitution (1931)
reforms
Cataluña was given a statute of autonomy and the process of autonomy was begun for País Vasco and Galicia
reduced the excessive number of army officers
large agricultural estates were expropriated and the land was divided among landless peasants
negotiate working conditions with the trade unions
free education system was established
The reforms were not accepted
Manuel Azaña resigned as head of government
centre-right biennium
Elections were held and the centre-right parties won
Alejandro Lerroux--> new head of government
Strikes
Asturias--> miners took control of the coalfields and proclaimed a revolutionary government
Cataluña--> proclaimed a Catalan state
troops led by Franco forcefully suppressed the revolutionary movement
Popular Front
Left-wing parties formed Popular Front
Manuel Azaña became the president of the Republic
Casares Quiroga became head of the government
