Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Bladder Rupture in Foals - Coggle Diagram
Bladder Rupture in Foals
Aetiology
During or soon after parturition
Inherent bladder wall weakness
No sex predisposition
Tears in dorsal aspect of bladder
Secondary to urinary tract infection
Urachus, bladder, ureters
From birth to around 2 months
History of other illness
Clinical Signs
History of previously normal urination does not rule out bladder rupture (can occur later)
Normally present within first 2-3 days of life
Dysuria
Progressive depression and abdominal distension
Ventral and preputial oedema
Differentials
Tenesmus
I.e., retained meconium
Caudal position of hind limbs in foals straining to urinate
Diagnosis
Abdominoscentesis
Peritoneal fluid (serum creatinine ratio >2:1)
Ultrasound
Small and collapsed bladder
Biochemistry
Hyperkalaemia
Failure to excrete
Leads to cardiac arrythmias
Hyponatraemia
Loss of renal regulation
Continued intake of water
Metabolic acidosis
Loss of renal regulation
'Third spacing' causes hypovolaemia and poor perfusion
Respiratory acidosis
Compression of diaphragm
Management
Emergency Surgery
Pre-operative Stabilisation
Dextrose and insulin to promote intracellular movement of pottasium
Fluid therapy (0.9% NaCl - Hartmanns solution)
Drain abdomen and peritoneal lavage
Good outcome >80% on stabilised foal