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Renal Failure in Horses - Coggle Diagram
Renal Failure in Horses
Aetiology
When >70% of nephrons lost
Less common than renal failure secondary to hypovolaemia (pre-renal failure)
Acute
Congenital
Interstitial Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Amyloidosis
Neoplasia
Chronic
Toxic (NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, acorn)
Sustained marked hypotension
Clinical Signs
Depression, anorexia, weight loss
Polydypsia and polyuria
Oedema and diarrhoea
Pyrexia and colic signs
Encephalopathy
Oral mucosal ulceration
Excessive tooth tartar
Diagnostics
Urinalysis
Proteinuria
Casts
Pyuria
Haematuria
Isothenuria USG 1.008-1.014
Increased urine GGT
GGT: creatinine ratio to correct for variations in urine flow
Biochemistry
Azotaemia
Hyperkalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Hypercalcaemia
Hyperphosphataemia
Treatment
Acute Renal Failure
Restore circulating volume
0.9% NaCl 40-80ml/kg/day
Diuresis
20% mannitol and furosemide IV
Chronic Renal Failure
No specific treatment
Ad lib salt and water
High quality diet