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Umbilical Infection - Coggle Diagram
Umbilical Infection
Common pathogens
E. coli
Actinobacillus equuli
Klebsiella spp.
Pseudomonas spp.
Bacillus spp.
Satphylococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp.
Enterococcus spp.
Clostridium spp.
Aetiology
Haematogenous spread from GIT or other sites as part of septicaemia
Umbilicus can act as portal of entry
Arteries and urachus become infected more commonly than vein
Mixed infections common
Clinical Signs
Fever, malaise, lethargy
Heat, pain, swelling and discharge from umbilicus
Signs of septicaemia +/- primary disease if haematogenous spread
Treatment
Surgical
Resection
Prevents spread of infection to other sites
Animals with generalised septicaemia are NOT good candidates
Medical
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy
Culture and sensitivity ideally
Monitor response with ultrasonography - if umbilicus continues to enlarge, change antibiotic choice or consider surgery
Cephalosporins
Trimethoprim Sulphonamide
Economical and oral administration but organisms may not be sensitive
Aminoglycosides
Care in very young animals (nephrotoxicity)
Used in conjunction with a gram positive cover
Penicillins or other beta-lactams
Diagnostics
Ultrasound
Normal artery and vein <1cm
Enlarged (~2.5cm)
Anechoic or hyperechoic material +/- gas