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THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
took place between 1618 and 1648
conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire.
general conflict among the great powers in Europe for European political domination.
phases of this war were the following:
Two sides were formed
The Protestants formed an alliance with Germany, but they were defeated.
The intervention of Denmark
The Protestants were defeated and signed the Surrender of Breda in 1626.
Protestant uprising in Bohemia
group of Protestant nobles from Bohemia expelled the Catholics and appointed a Protestant king
Swedish participation
a peace treaty was signed, under which religious persecution would be stopped,
France joined the conflict.
it was a Catholic state, it formed an alliance with the Protestants against the Catholic side.
to sign the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, ending the Thirty Years' War.
peace treaty were the following:
France obtained territories in the Holy Roman Empire
The sovereignty of the German states was recognised.
Sweden became the dominant state on the Baltic coast.
Spanish monarchy lost their dominance over Europe.
England and the parlamentary sistem
English King Charles I was an absolutist monarch
a civil war broke out (1642-1648) between the King's and Parliament's supporters
was Oliver Cromwell, who would become a dictator years later.
King James II tried to reinstate Catholicism,
This new monarch was willing to obey Parliament
1689, he signed the Bill of Rights, recognising Parliament's authority, private property and restrictions to royal power.
English Parliament consisted of two groups, who governed alternately.
House of Commons, who acted in the name of the bourgeoisie.
House of Lords, who represented the higher nobility.
France and absolutism
France became the main example of an absolute monarchy under King Louis XIV in France.
had the following characteristics
consisting of ministers who acted under the orders of a Prime Minister or Chancellor.
He expanded the diplomatic corps.
the administrative officials, who came from the bourgeoisie, professional status.
organised professional army.
increased the number of officials acting under his orders: secretaries of state, police, mayors and magistrate
intervened in the economy, instigating the following developments for his own benefit including,
had a large court of advisors, who lived with him in the luxurious Palace of Versailles.
monarch held unrestricted power
