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Coughing to clear the airways is accomplished by muscle contractions.…

- - - - The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium
      - Between the myofibrils there are large numbers of mitochondria which provide the ATP needed to facilitate muscle contraction
- - - - Thin actin filaments are attached to a Z-line at one end and thick myosin filaments are interdigitated with actin filaments at both ends, occupying the center of the sarcomere
        
        They are both types of protein filaments and each myosin filament is surrounded by 6 actin filaments
        
        This forms cross-bridges during muscle contraction
- - - - This will have the effect of shortening each sarcomere and hence the length of the muscle fiber
      - Myosin filaments have heads that bind to special sites on actin filaments creating cross-bridges where they can exert a force using energy from ATP to cause muscle contraction
- - - - The hydrolysis of this provides energy for myosin heads to swivel outwards away from the center of the sarcomere (also known as the cocking of the myosin heads)
    - - This energy causes the head to swivel inwards towards the center of the sarcomere which in turn causes the actin filament to move a small distance
        
        This sequence continues until the signals sent by the motor neuron to the muscle fiber stop
        
        Calcium ions are then pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
        
        Tropomyosin then covers the actin binding sites once again and the muscle relaxes
    - - When troponin causes tropomyosin to move the actin binding sites become exposed allowing myosin heads to bind and move towards the center of the sarcomere, moving the actin filament