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Cognitive Interview - Coggle Diagram
Cognitive Interview
Cognitive Interview
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Identified ways that a standard police interview could negatively affect eyewitnesses recall accuracy.
Example - Police questioning techniques often prompted jumps between memory and event recall in a non-chronological order.
They integrated effective memory recall techniques into a new method of questioning to achieve more detailed and accurate EWT.
Evaluation
Wright and Holliday 2007 - 75 to 95 year olds, recall was less complete and less accurate the older they were. Then used cognitive interview and found older participants could give much more detail with less false information.
Kohnken 1999 - Meta-analysis of 53 studies on Uni students, CI had significantly more false information compared to standard interview.
Mello and Fisher 1996 - Individual differences, used CI and SI on older adults (72 yrs) and younger adults (22 yrs) and found CI was better for both but significantly more for older adults.
Costs more as police have to be specially trained to conduct CI, also a lot more time consuming.
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3 - Change Order
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By recalling events in reverse, it prevents pre-existing schema from influencing recall.
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2 - Report Everything
Interviewer encourages reporting of every details without editing anything out, even if it seems irrelevant to the witness.
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Recollection of small details can be pieced together from multiple witnesses to create a clear picture.
4 - Change Perspective
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This is done to disrupt the effect of schema on recall, it was adapted from suggestions by Anderson and Pichert 1978.