THE THIRTY YEARS WAR

INTRODUCTION

FRANCE AND ABSOLUTISM

ENGLAND AND THE PARLAMENTARY SYSTEM

1618-1648

caused by the conflicts between

protestants

catholics

main phases

Swedish participation

France joined the Conflict

The intervention of Denmark

Two sides were formed

Protestant uprising in Bohemia

protestant nobles expelled the catholics

they appointed a protestant king

Ferdinand II fought against them

protestants

catholics

they were defeated

formed an alliance with Germany

support of German nobles

support of the King of Spain

Support of Portugal

prevent a catholic victory

supported by England

intervention of the Lutheran king

at the same time

protestants fought against Spain

they were defeated

signed the Surrender of Breda (1626)

German catholics saw an opportunity

wanted to take the protestants' possessions

Sweden helped them

a peace treaty was signed

protestant property returned

Sweden would gain power

stop the religious persecution

after the surrender of Breda

became more powerful

the Holy Roman Empire

Spain

it preoccupied France

created an alliance with protestants

Spain was defeated by France

Battle of Rocroi (1643)

the peace of Westphalia (1648)

consequences

German states

Sweden

Spanish monarchy

France

lost power in Europe

independence of the Low Countries

the new country became

great power of trading

controlled trade routes to Asia

the sovereignty was recognized

religious tolerance

limits on the power of the Emperor

dominant state on the Baltic Coast

became the leading power in Europe

obtained territories on the Roman Empire

France: main example of absolutism

under King Louis XIV

characteristics

gave administrative officials status

had a board of governors

increased the number of officials

expanded the diplomatic corps

he had a large court

well organised professional army

monarchs had unrestricted power

he intervened in the economy

absolutism

supported by the church

absolute power considered a divine right

thinkers

absolutism was the best political system

absolutism spread to most of Europe

except

England

Holland

English King Charles I

an absolutist monarch

he needed to raise money

wanted to increase taxes

parlament demanded restrictions of his power

a civil war broke out

1642-1648

between parliaments and kings supporters

parliament was victorious

king was executed

England became a republic

Oliver Cromwell the leader

he became a dictator years later

monarchy reinstated in 1660

parlament

consisted

anglican nobles

puritana bourgeoise

king James II tried to reinstate Catholicism

the Glorious Revolution in 1689

James II was expelled

replaced by William III

he signed the Bill of Rights

1689

in Europe

parliament had already been established

England first parliamentary monarchy

English parliament

two groups

The House of Commons

The House of Lords

in the name of Burgeoisie

in the name of Higher Nobility

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