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THE THIRTY YEARS WAR, image, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE THIRTY YEARS WAR
INTRODUCTION
1618-1648
caused by the conflicts between
protestants
catholics
main phases
Swedish participation
German catholics saw an opportunity
wanted to take the protestants' possessions
Sweden helped them
a peace treaty was signed
protestant property returned
Sweden would gain power
stop the religious persecution
France joined the Conflict
after the surrender of Breda
became more powerful
the Holy Roman Empire
Spain
it preoccupied France
created an alliance with protestants
Spain was defeated by France
Battle of Rocroi (1643)
The intervention of Denmark
prevent a catholic victory
supported by England
intervention of the Lutheran king
at the same time
protestants fought against Spain
they were defeated
signed the Surrender of Breda (1626)
Two sides were formed
protestants
they were defeated
formed an alliance with Germany
catholics
support of German nobles
support of the King of Spain
Support of Portugal
Protestant uprising in Bohemia
protestant nobles expelled the catholics
they appointed a protestant king
Ferdinand II fought against them
the peace of Westphalia (1648)
consequences
German states
the sovereignty was recognized
religious tolerance
limits on the power of the Emperor
Sweden
dominant state on the Baltic Coast
Spanish monarchy
lost power in Europe
independence of the Low Countries
the new country became
great power of trading
controlled trade routes to Asia
France
became the leading power in Europe
obtained territories on the Roman Empire
ENGLAND AND THE PARLAMENTARY SYSTEM
English King Charles I
an absolutist monarch
he needed to raise money
wanted to increase taxes
a civil war broke out
1642-1648
between parliaments and kings supporters
parliament was victorious
king was executed
England became a republic
Oliver Cromwell the leader
he became a dictator years later
monarchy reinstated in 1660
parlament demanded restrictions of his power
parlament
consisted
anglican nobles
puritana bourgeoise
king James II tried to reinstate Catholicism
the Glorious Revolution in 1689
James II was expelled
replaced by William III
he signed the Bill of Rights
1689
in Europe
parliament had already been established
England first parliamentary monarchy
English parliament
two groups
The House of Commons
in the name of Burgeoisie
The House of Lords
in the name of Higher Nobility
FRANCE AND ABSOLUTISM
France: main example of absolutism
under King Louis XIV
characteristics
gave administrative officials status
had a board of governors
increased the number of officials
expanded the diplomatic corps
he had a large court
well organised professional army
monarchs had unrestricted power
he intervened in the economy
absolutism
supported by the church
absolute power considered a divine right
thinkers
absolutism was the best political system
absolutism spread to most of Europe
except
England
Holland
