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AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM, image, image, image, image, image -…
AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM
Authoritarian dictatorships
evolved into totalitarian regimes
factors
nationalist feeling
protectionist policies
power of the state increased
habits of military organisation
chain of command
comradeship
new parties were formed
represented the working masses
were discontented
low wages
land distribution
unemployment
common characteristics
Foreign policy
expansionist
to gain
new markets
new territories
raw materials
Politics
an authoritarian dictatorship
an anti-democratic government
citizens' rights were limited
a single political party
supported a leader with absolute political power
Society
supported the regime
Economy
controlled by the state
companies were nationalised
mines, railways and banks were exploited
imports were minimalised
THE USSR: STALINISM
characteristics
economy --> planned and controlled by the state
five-year plans
objectives
nationalisation of existing industries
production of capital goods
machinery and weaponry
expense of consumer goods
textiles, footwear, electrical appliances
creation of heavy industry
iron and steel
construction of hydraulic works
increase the production of electricity
collectivisation of land
In a Sovkhoz
land owned by the state
workers were paid a wage
In a Kolkhoz
land owned by the collective or cooperative
workers received part of the harvest
political power hold by Stalin
CPSU as the only political party
imposed his dictatorship
using propaganda and repression
Komintern
spreaded communism across Europe
approved the Constitution of 1936
social equality
guaranteeing healthcare, education and housing
system of totalitarian government
Stalin reinforced his own power
through propaganda
portrayed him as the saviour of patriotism
ITALIAN FASCISM
system of authoritarian government
established by Benito Mussolini
he became head of the government in 1922
In 1919
created the first Fasci combat groups
Blackshirts
opposed the socialist parties and trade unions
In 1921
formed the National Fascist Party
In October 1922
led the March on Rome
forced the government to step down
Mussolini
transformed the democratic state into a dictatorship
measures
Government intervention in the economy
An autarky was set up
mines and the arms industry were nationalised
In politics
in 1926 he transferred all power to himself
head of the army
eader of the only political party
Parliament was replaced by the Chamber of Fascists
In foreign policy
started Italian expansion into
Abyssinia and Ethiopia, in Africa
Mussolini's social policies
he removed workers' rights
indoctrinated the population
increased the birth rate
education system
NAZI GERMANY
system of dictatorship
established by Adolf Hitler in Germany
a totalitarian regime
which replaced the Weimar Democratic Republic
causes
territorial and economic conditions
imposed by the Treaty of Versailles
hyperinflation and high unemployment
In 1921
became the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSGWP)
used the SS
to attack the opposition
a paramilitary group
won the elections in 1933
was named Chancellor
established a dictatorship
adopted measures
In 1934
established the Third Reich
Nazi Party became the only legal political party
In foreign policy
began an expansionist policy
great economic development
Unemployment fell
He was extremely anti-Semitic
