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Working Memory Model - Coggle Diagram
Working Memory Model
Central Executive (CE)
Model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch 1974 - dual task studies, focus on short term memory.
Capacity - Data arrives from senses, no storage capacity.
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Reasoning and Decision making, can only do limited tasks like collect information from inner ear, eyes and LTM.
Evidence and Evaluation
(S) Bunge 2000 - fMRIs to see active brain areas when participants did 2 tasks, pre-frontal cortex active in dual and single tasks but more so in dual.
(L) Eslinger and Damasio 1985 - EVR had cerebral tumour removed, performed well on reasoning suggesting CE intact but poor decision making so CE not wholly intact and functioning.
Some argue that CE is more complex than WMM suggests, and WMM is too vague.
Phonological Loop (PL)
Evidence and Evaluation
KF - Brain damage limited to PL, short-term forgetting of auditory information was greater than visual stimuli, auditory problems limited to verbal material not meaningful sounds.
SC - unable to learn word pairs presented out loud, suggesting damage to PL.
Word-Length effect - people cope better with short words than long words in WMM. PL holds amount of information that can be held in 2 seconds so it is harder to remember longer words.
Has Limited capacity, deals with Auditory information and preserves word order - inner ear.
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Articulatory Process (AP) - words seen and silently repeated - inner voice. A type of maintenance rehearsal.
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Episodic Buffer (EB)
Evidence and Evaluation
Key evidence is from brain damaged patients, trauma may cause changes in behaviour so performing tasks in dual task studies may be difficult as will paying attention so they underperform.
CE had to be added later and PL/VSS edited so the original model was not as well thought out or accurate as it could be.
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