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(Hamorrhage) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - , compressing the brain stem and often causing secondary hemorrhages in the midbrain and pons.
      - If the hemorrhage ruptures into the ventricular system (intraventricular hemorrhage), blood may cause acute hydrocephalus.
    - - weakness of one side of the body or paralysis of one side of the body
      - bleeding, decreased level of consciousness, altered level of consciousness
    - - Focal seizures. Focal seizures can possibly occur due to frequent brain stem involvement
      - Visual disturbances. Visual loss, diplopia, and ptosis occur if the aneurysm is adjacent the oculomotor nerve.
    - - Nursing diagnosis
        
        Risk for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion related to bleeding or vasospasm
      - Nursing interventions
        
        Check blood pressure, pulse, level of consciousness, pupillary responses, and motor function hourly
        monitor respiratory status and report changes immediately.
  - - - Hypertension may lead to the rupture of a blood vessels in the cerebral circulation
      - Such weak spots may be congenital in which case an aneurysm occurs at the point of weakness
      - Cerebral tumours may cause erosion of blood vessels giving rise to subarachnoid hemorrhage
    - - Severe headache. The conscious patient most commonly reports a severe headache.
      - Sudden change in the level of consciousness. As the aneurysm presses on nerves and tissues, there is a sudden early change in the level of consciousness.
    - - severe headache, abnormal heart rhythm, altered level of consciousness
    - - Nursing diagnosis
        
        Ineffective tissue perfusion related to bleeding or vasospasm.
        
        Anxiety related to illness and or medically imposed restrictions
      - Nursing interventions
        
        The person should be kept very quiet and kept at the absolute bed rest
        
        Sedation and analgesia maintained to keep the patient comfortable and quiet
        
        Calcium channel blockers that is nimodipine which is specially indicated for use in subarachnoid hemorrhage can be used to prevent vasospasm