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Multi-Store Model of Memory - Coggle Diagram
Multi-Store Model of Memory
Sensory Register
Capacity - large, Duration - milliseconds
Receives constant information but not attention so isn't maintained.
Holds information from the senses and corresponding areas of the brain.
Attention - If attention is focused on SR, then the data can be transferred to STM to try and remember it.
Short-Term Memory
Coding - Acoustically, Capacity - 7+/-2 chunks, Duration - 18 to 30 seconds
Information held for immediate tasks such as directions to a friend's house.
The data in STM will decay quickly if not rehearsed. Maintenance rehearsal keeps data in STM or moves it to LTM, new information also pushes old information out of STM due to limited capacity.
Long-Term Memory
Coding - Semantically, Capacity - unlimited, Duration - lifetime
Where the majority of memories of events etc are kept, it may feel as if they are forgotten but they are usually in LTM.
Retrieval - getting information from LTM, by passing it back through STM so it is available for use.
Three types of LTM: Episodic, Semantic, Procedural
Evaluation
Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
Strengths
Beardsley 1997 - prefrontal cortex active in STM but not LTM
Squire 1992 - brain scanning to find hippocampus is active when LTM is engaged.
Case Studies - HM in particular, shows differences in brain areas involved in STM and LTM.
Limitations
LTM involves more maintenance than rehearsal
Too Simple, suggests LTM and STM are single 'unitary' stores but research does not support this.
Craik and Lockhart 1972 - enduring memories created by processing rather than maintenance rehearsal. Things processed deeply are more memorable, challenge to MSM vs Elaborative rehearsal.