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CHAPTER 3: PALM OIL INDUSTRY - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 3:
PALM OIL INDUSTRY
Oleochemical Industry
Applicatin
Edible
Btter
Shrtening
Margarine
Fats CCE, CBR
Nn Edible
Lubricatin
Surfactants
Agrchemicals
Bifuels (FAME)
Palm Oil Refinery
Chemical Refining
Neutralizing
• Removal of free fatty acids using caustic soda
Bleaching
• To remove the colour from the oil with chemicals like carbon black
Degumming
• Gums lead brown discoloration
Deodorization
•Involved use of steam distillation under reduced pressure
Physical Refining
Degumming
Bleaching
Steam Distillation
Objectives
Removal of undesired products from crude oil
Preservation of valuable vitamines
Minimize oil losses
Introduction
Originated from
West Africa
Benefits
Versatile
Cheapest traded edible oil.
Can be used for food and non-food purpose
Healthy
Balanced composition of fatty acids.
High carotene content, vitamin E.
Characteristics
Vegetable oil
Cholesterol free
Semi solid at 27%
Deep orange red colour
Palm Oil Value Chain
& Application
Upstream
•Nursery, Cultivation, Harvesting
Downstream
• Refining, Fractional, Oleochemical
Midstream
Trading, Crude Palm Oil
Consumer
• Packaging, branding, food products.
Plantation
Planning Phase
New plants require feasibility studies and environment impact assessment
Nursery Establishment
Good quality seedlings
are raised. Watering,
manuring, and culling.
Site Preparatin
Field Establishment
Field Maintenance
Harvesting and Cllectin
Harvest between
24 to 30 months.
Done manually, using chisel
Weeding, water management, pruning, pest and manuring
Lining, holing, and planting of polybag oil palm seedlings
Land survey, clearing
soil conservation measures
Palm Oil Mills
Crude Palm il Extractin Prcess
Bunch Reception
Loading Ramp
Sterilization
Treshing
Digestion
Oil Extractin
Clarificatin and Purification
Palm Kernel Extractin Prcess
Separation of the nuts from the accompanying fibre
Nuts will dry at 60-70°C
Separated shells sent to the yard as fuel