CHAPTER 3:
PALM OIL INDUSTRY
Oleochemical Industry
Palm Oil Refinery
Introduction
Plantation
Palm Oil Mills
Originated from
West Africa
Benefits
- Versatile
Cheapest traded edible oil.
Can be used for food and non-food purpose
- Healthy
Balanced composition of fatty acids.
High carotene content, vitamin E.
Characteristics
- Vegetable oil
- Cholesterol free
- Semi solid at 27%
- Deep orange red colour
Palm Oil Value Chain
& Application
Upstream
•Nursery, Cultivation, Harvesting
Downstream
• Refining, Fractional, Oleochemical
Midstream
Trading, Crude Palm Oil
Consumer
• Packaging, branding, food products.
Planning Phase
New plants require feasibility studies and environment impact assessment
Nursery Establishment
Good quality seedlings
are raised. Watering,
manuring, and culling.
Site Preparatin
Field Establishment
Field Maintenance
Harvesting and Cllectin
Harvest between
24 to 30 months.
Done manually, using chisel
Land survey, clearing
soil conservation measures
Lining, holing, and planting of polybag oil palm seedlings
Weeding, water management, pruning, pest and manuring
Crude Palm il Extractin Prcess
Bunch Reception
Loading Ramp
Sterilization
Treshing
Digestion
Oil Extractin
Clarificatin and Purification
Palm Kernel Extractin Prcess
Separation of the nuts from the accompanying fibre
Chemical Refining
Physical Refining
Neutralizing
• Removal of free fatty acids using caustic soda
Bleaching
• To remove the colour from the oil with chemicals like carbon black
Degumming
• Gums lead brown discoloration
Degumming
Bleaching
Steam Distillation
Objectives
Applicatin
Edible
Nn Edible
Btter
Shrtening
Margarine
Fats CCE, CBR
Lubricatin
Surfactants
Agrchemicals
Bifuels (FAME)
- Removal of undesired products from crude oil
- Preservation of valuable vitamines
- Minimize oil losses
Nuts will dry at 60-70°C
Separated shells sent to the yard as fuel
Deodorization
•Involved use of steam distillation under reduced pressure