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DEGENERATIVE OCULAR CONDITIONS - Coggle Diagram
DEGENERATIVE OCULAR CONDITIONS
Degeneration of the sclera
Staphyloma
It is a thinning and protrusion of part of the eyeball lined with uveal tissue
Causes
Severe and prolonged increased intraocular pressure, thinning of the sclera, trauma, growth, tuberculosis, syphilis and myopia.
Clinical manifestations
Logophthalmos, lacrimation, ectropion, iridodialysis, and subluxated lens.
Degeneration of the vitreous humour
Floaters
Definition
Are sports that appear in the visual field and are mainly due to degeneration and increased fluidity of the vitreous.
Floaters do not normally affect vision but patients will complain that speck is floating about in the field of vision
Treatment is not necessary
Degeneration of the conjuctiva
Pinguecula
In some instances it may become inflamed
The condition rarely needs treatment
A common benign lesion of the conjuctiva consisting of a yellowish white nodule on the bulbar conjuctiva in the area of the palpebral
Pterygium
Definition
A triangular growth of conjctival tissue occuring on the nasal bulbar conjuctiva
Pathophysiology
The apex slowly grows towards the cornea where it will interfere with vision if it reaches the pupillary area
The condition is usually bilateral
Presents with inflammation and irritation
Management
Anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics
Surgery is indicated where the pterygium is encroaching on the cornea
Health education
Patient should be advised to wear UV light-protetive sunglasses to prevent pterygium
Degeneration of the eyelids
Entropion
The turning around of the lid, the condition may be congenital
Due to ageing or scarring following trauma to the eye
Treatment is surgical
Ectropion
Eversion of the lower lid, usually bilaterally
May be congenital or age related, or may follow seventh nerve
Signs and symptoms
Watering of the eye, irritation and exposure keratitis
Treatment
Surgical