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Disorders of the eye - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of the eye
Glaucoma
Definition
Disease that damages the eyes optic nerve
Clinical manifestation
Loss of peripheral or side vision
Seeing halos around lights and glare in bright ligjt
Redness in the eye
Eye pain
Vision loss
Narrow or tunnel vision
Causes
Family history (hereditary)
Severe eye infection or inflammation
Elevated eye pressure
Risk factors
Age
High eye pressure
Diabetes
History of eye surgery
Diagnostic tests
Complete eye exam
Visual field test
Imaging tests
Nursing intervention
Advice the patient to exercise safely
Limit caffeine intake
Sleep with the head elevated
Pathophysiology
The level of intra ocular pressure is related to the retinal ganglion cell death
Surgery management
Laser trabeculoplasty
Drainage tubes
Cataract
Definition
This is the lens opacity or cloudiness
Pathophysiology
Cataracts may develop in one or both eyes at any stage as a result of variety of causes
Risk factors
Aging
Toxic factors
Nutritional factors
Physical factors
Clinical manifestation
Painless, blurry virsion
Dimmer surroundings
Light scatering
Myopic shift
Diagnostic tests
Snellen visual acuity test
Ophthalmoscopy
Sit-lamp biomicroscopic examination
Management
Medical management
Application of eye medicine such as eye drops, eye glasses
Surgical management
Surgical removal of the cataracts under local anesthesia
Nursing management
Pre operative care
Eliminate anxiety
Explain the nature of the procedure
Monitor patient's vital signs
Post operative care
Advice the patient not to touch the eyes
Orientation of the patient
Nursing intervention
Advice the patient not no be exposed to bright light
Assess the patient’s ability to see and perform activities.
Advice the patient to always wear their glasses
Provide sufficient lighting for the patient to carry out activities.
Nursing diagnosis
Disturbed sensory perception
Risk of falling related to interupted vision