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SPAIN: DICTATORSHIP AND DEMOCRACY
THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA
Foreign policy
dictatorship won a definitive victory in the war in Morocco after the success of the landing of Spanish troops
first time in history, the air force, navy and ground troops staged a coordinated attack
victory increased the dictatorship's prestige
The economy
plan was implemented to build large public works
reservoirs and canals
roads
hydroelectric power stations
ports and railways
works helped create employment
State monopolies were also set up
petrol distribution company CAMPSA (1927)
Compañía Telefónica (1924)
Domestic policy
Patriotic Union became the official party of the dictatorship
objective was to re-establish order by eradicating terrorism, nationalism and suppressing demonstrations.
THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC
REFORMS
Territorial reforms
Cataluña was given a statute of autonomy and the process of autonomy was begun for País Vasco and Galicia
measures were considered to be an attack on the integrity of Spanish territory
Military reforms
Azaña law reduced the excessive number of army officers
aim of this law was to reduce the political power of the army and to modernise
Agricultural reform
large agricultural estates were expropriated and the land was divided among landless peasants
became small landowners
Labour reforms
Law of Labour Contracts forced business owners to negotiate working conditions
to avoid strikes
Educational reforms
secular, mixed gender, compulsory free education system was established
Pedagogical missions were created
church, which until that time had provided primary and secondary education
felt the attack of Catholicism
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
aims of the rebellion
to end left-wing government reforms
church was opposed to the secularisation of education
landowners were discontent with the expropriation of their lands
business owners opposed the labour reforms
army were unhappy with their loss of political power
end the Republic
re-establish the political and social order that had been in place previously
to end public disorder
caused by extreme right-wing and left-wing militants
fear of a working class revolution in Spain
would establish a communist regime
The development of the war
Northern campaign
objective for Franco was to take Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco
Guernica, was bombed in 1937 by the Condor Legion.
Battle of the Ebro
Republicans began the battle of the Ebro
to stop the Nationalist advance towards Cataluña
Franco won the battle and in 1939 he entered Barcelona
March to Madrid
Nationalists, led by General Franco, tried to occupy Madrid
were defeated in the battles of Jarama and Guadalajara
The end of the war
March, the Nationalist army took Madrid and on 1 April 1939, the war ended
The consequences of the civil war
Economic
losses were high due to the destruction of
infrastructure
transport systems
industrial areas
houses
Demographic
half a million republicans were exiled to Latin America and France
half a million Spanish people died during the civil war
Political
authoritarian regime was set up
Cultural
ideological repression was implemented through education and culture
