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3.AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM, image, image, image, image, image,…
3.AUTHORITARIANISM AND TOTALITARIANISM
THE USSR: STALINISM
establish social equality
guaranteeing
education
housing for all citizens
healthcare
differences between the governing elite, with high incomes, and the rest of the population
economy planned and controlled by the state
means of production became state property
Stalin introduced a series of five-year plans which aimed to achieve the rapid industrialisation of the USSR
OBJECTIVES
collectivisation of land by expropriation of property
by force and forced obligation of the workers to cultivate the land collectively
Sovkhoz land was owned by the state and the workers were paid a wage
nationalisation of existing industries and investment in and creation of heavy industry
IRON
STEEL
production of capital goods
WEAPONRY
MACHINERY
expense of consumer goods
TEXTILE
FOOTWEAR
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
construction of hydraulic works to increase the production of electricity needed
political power was held by Stalin
gained control of the CPSU as secretary general and head of the government
approved the Constitution of 1936
maintained the CPSU as the only political party
tried to spread communism across Europe through the Komintern
ITALIAN FASCISM
1921, Mussolini formed the National Fascist Party
Mussolini led the March on Rome, which forced the government to step down
Victor Emmanuel III, asked Mussolini to form a government
In politics, in 1926, he transferred all power to himself
was the leader of the only political party
other parties were prohibited and he persecuted those who opposed his regime
Parliament was replaced by the Chamber of Fascists
constitutional monarchy of Victor Emmanuel III was badly affected by the post-war economic crisis
creation of the Fasci, volunteer militias, who with the support of the business owners
1919, following their success, Benito Mussolini created the first Fasci combat groups
paramilitary group with an ultranationalist ideology
Government intervention in the economy was established
autarky was set up, and mines and the arms industry were nationalised
Mussolini's social policies put an end to the unrest
indoctrinated the population through the education system
NAZI GERMANY
triumph of totalitarianism in Germany
explained by the humiliation Germans felt over the territorial and economic conditions
by the Treaty of Versailles
1921, Adolf Hitler became the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSGWP)
Nazi Party
used paramilitary group, to attack the opposition
political programme was based mainly on the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
In 1934, he was proclaimed head of state, and he established the Third Reich
Hitler began an expansionist policy to recover German territories lost in WWI
great economic development
Unemployment fell due to a programme of public works and the development of the arms industry
