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Epistaxis Screenshot_20220510_120822 - Coggle Diagram
Epistaxis 
Definition
Bleeding from the nose, either spontaneous or induced by nose picking or trauma
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Nursing intervention
Put on protective gear, including gown, gloves, and face shields.
Have the patient sit upright with her head tilted forward, and instruct her to apply direct external digital pressure to the nares with her index finger and thumb.
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Provide an emesis basin and tissues. Tell her to spit blood into the basin if necessary. This helps prevent nausea and vomiting and lets you estimate the amount of bleeding.
Assess for signs and symptoms of hemodynamic instability, including change in mental status, pallor, diaphoresis, hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea
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Symptoms
bleeding from one or both nostrils and bleeding down the back of the throat with spitting, coughing, or vomiting of blood.
symptoms of anemia (feeling weak or faint, tired, cold, short of breath, pale skin).
Prevention
Use a saline nasal spray or saline nose drops two to three times a day in each nostril to keep your nasal passages moist
Add a humidifier to your furnace or run a humidifier in your bedroom at night to add moisture to the air.
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Pathophysiology
Most nasal bleeding is anterior, originating from a plexus of vessels in the anteroinferior septum (Kiesselbach's area). Less common but more serious are posterior nosebleeds, which originate in the posterior septum overlying the vomer bone, or laterally on the inferior or middle turbinate.