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M24U3A2: Using Technology to Mitigate the Impact of Learning Disabilities …

- - - - Bathing Tools: Thermometer, Shower Chair, Transfer Board or mechanical lift.
      - Communication Management: screen readers, hearing aids, assistive listening devices, amplified telephone equipment, communication boards, speech generating devices, augmentative communication devices
      - Basic Mobility: Power wheelchairs, ramps, lift chairs, stair lifts
- - - - Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCA)
      - Speech Generating Devices (SGD)
  - - - Live Listen.
        
        Mono audio
        
        Visible and vibration alerts
        
        Instant transcription to follow a live conversation in over 70 languages Subtitles
        
        Instant Captions: This feature is automatic for all multimedia content currently playing on Google Pixel devices only.
        
        Hearing aid compatibility that lets you pair hearing aids Real-time text during calls (RTT)
    - - Ava: An instant transcription app that transcribes in live the words of a group of people.
      - RogerVoice: The first is the live transcription of telephone conversations in more than 100 languages as well as the possibility of answering by voice synthesis.
      - Sound Amplifier: sound volume adjustments and eliminates background noise.
      - TapSOS: allows deaf and hard of hearing people to connect with emergency services in a nonverbal way.
      - Subtitle Viewer: offers deaf and hard of hearing people the possibility of viewing subtitles in different languages live on the user’s phone.
- - - - Examples-
        
        RUNNING BLADES- prosthetics designed for running that create energy return
        
        GOALBALL- a ball that is fitted with a bell for the visually impaired to roll into a goal
        
        HANDCYCLES- Bicycles adapted for riders with limited or no mobility in their hand and arms
        
        BOCCIA RAMPS-special ramps that can propel the ball onto the court as close to the jack as possible.
        
        SAILING “SIP AND PUFF” STEERING- a special straw that allows the a quadriplegic user to cant their seat from side to side while staying vertical by blowing and sucking on the straw.
        
        ARCHERY RELEASE AIDS- Athletes can use a belt around his upper chest,gun rests, bow stringers, slings, and adaptive prosthetics.
- - - - Pictello - Communication will vary across the autism spectrum. While some children with autism will be able to voice their ideas in words, some may be non-verbal. An app like Pictello allows children with autism, no matter their verbal ability, the chance to tell their own story. This app allows children to combine video, audio, and pictures to put together a story they want to tell.
        
        Endless Reader -App that combines audio and visual learning. It pairs animation with words so that children can begin to understand the fundamental building blocks of reading. This can help students with many different disabilities like ASD, Audio processing disorders, etc.
        
        TouchChat apps- Includes pages that help students with developmental disabilities improve their speaking, spelling, or be able to communicate if nonverbal. Each content section has a different use depending on the users need such as: Vocab PC, MultiChat, Spelling, My QuickChat, My Core, 4 Basic, and Communication Journey: Aphasia (content specifically designed to help students with Aphasia.
      - Wisdom: The World of Emotions- This evidence-based game empowers autistic students, or any other student struggling similarly, with social-emotional learning. Besides guided lesson plans, the app features lesson slides with Back to School, Community Building, and Transition activities. Students are able to identify emotions through facial expressions, body language, voice intonations, physiological reactions, and trigger events. They learn to label emotions, resolve conflicts and make responsible decisions. Lastly, students practice managing emotions healthily with effective coping tools.
  - - - Optical character recognition (OCR)- type of text to screen hardware and software lets the student transfer images of text from things like books, worksheets, or even street signs onto a screen and hear audio of it.
      - Reminder devices- These tech tools remind the student to refocus on an assignment or task in case their attention drifts. For example, a vibrating watch can be programmed to vibrate as often as you want. The quietness of it can help the student avoid feeling self-conscious.
  - - - Equation-solving tools are digital tools that help students work with equations. Unlike calculators, equation-solving tools don’t solve a problem. They help students figure out how to solve a problem. For example, an equation-solving tool can help them figure out how to solve for x in 3 + x = 11.
        
        Math notation tools let you write or type out the special symbols and numbers used for math equations. For example, the symbols in x = −b ± √(b<sup>2</sup> − 4ac)/2a. Writing out these equations by hand can be challenging for people who have trouble writing numbers and symbols. And most traditional word processors aren’t great at handling math symbols.
  - - - Speech Recognition Software- Student speaks into the computer or tablet's microphone and their words show up on the screen. This can help them express themselves more easily when they struggle to write by hand.
- - - - Dedicated Devices serve the purpose of communication only
        
        BIGmack Communicator Ablenet: an individual can communicate a single message up to 2-minutes long. New messages are easily and quickly recorded to the BIGmack on the fly throughout the day to provide opportunities to communicate in almost any scenario
        
        Take or Place’N Talk: This communicator is all about learning through action. Device allows users to record four different 5-second messages. Messages are played by removing “taking” the icon from the device or “placing” the icon on the device
        
        Tech Talk AMDI: is an multi-level augmentative and alternative communication device designed to aid communication through direct selection. This device is use primarily by non verbal students with Autism. Using the back of the machine students can change the dials to say different things at different volumes. Using the red button the teacher can record new statements to correspond to new pictures on the front of the device.
      - Simple Systems include low tech aids and techniques, such as communication boards and gestural systems.
        
        Communication board: a method to transmit the message through visual or auditory output. Many electronic devices provide voice output (either computer generated or recorded) or a written display.
        
        Voice recorder apps on phone, Ipad, laptop
      - Multipurpose Systems are those that serve for more than just communication. They are designed to change functions easily, and serve educational, vocational, and/or recreational purposes. AAC devices range in complexity. They may include one symbol at a time that is available to the user, or may be more complex devices which use a sequence of icons to represent different concepts.
        
        M3 Dynavox: Fewer buttons that include concrete symbols and representations simplify the composition of messages. Preprogrammed pages based on core words and phrases are organized in distinct categories and encourage the development of literacy skills. Visual scenes provide illustrative and contextual means for emergent communicators to navigate and communicate. Scenes can be customized to reflect age-appropriate and realistic settings based on the user’s current literacy level.
        
        Tango Blink Twice: Help learn English, or for those that are hearing or speech impaired, allowing for the easy creation of sentences. Can be used to predetermine phrases by punching through a few sub-categories, or make your own with the device's intuitive interface. The app also allows the creation of personalized items; the built-in camera can capture a new image to serve as an icon, and then a teacher can record the correct phrase for the item, even with a simulated child's voice.
        
        Mercury Assistive technology: The Mercury 12 is a tablet magnifier with speech, designed to meet the specific needs of a student with low vision. It has a near camera for magnification when reading books and writing notes, and a distance camera for viewing the whiteboard and presentations in the classroom. It can also capture a page of printed information and read it back to the student with its text-to-speech feature.
- - - - Physical modifications in the built environment, including ramps, grab bars, and wider doorways to enable access to buildings, businesses, and workplaces.
      - Mobility aids, such as wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, canes, crutches, prosthetic devices, and orthotic devices.
        
        Mobility aids: types
        
        Orthotic Devices
        Orthotic devices are braces worn externally that improve and strengthen mobility. There are two types of orthotic devices: accommodative orthotics and functional orthotics.
        
        Walkers
        Walkers can assist children with significant disability with their mobility issues, including problems with balance and posture. They also allow the child to bear weight on their legs, which increases bone strength and reduces the risk of fractures and osteoporosis.
        
        Walking sticks and canes
        Walking sticks and canes are a cost effective option that provide extra balance and stability for those with milder forms of disability.
        
        Crutches
        Underarm crutches are mostly used for short term disability, like a broken leg. Forearm crutches are used for long term or lifelong disabilities, for example by cerebral palsy patients.
        
        Standers
        Standers are devices that allow to stand for short or extended periods of time. They help to support a person’s weight and provide stability while in the upright position.
        
        Wheelchairs
        Wheelchairs are common mobility aids for non-ambulatory students.
        Manual: Manual wheelchairs are a more cost effective option, but they do require upper body strength to move them (if there is upper body movement).
        Power wheelchair: more expensive, but are more convenient for those who do not have the ability to propel a manual wheelchair. They’re also well suited for those who maintain an active lifestyle. These chairs come with many different features and options.
        
        Power Scooters
        Power scooters are an alternative to wheelchairs and are often cheaper than power wheelchairs. They’re great for use outdoors and for those who do not have the upper body strength to operate a manual wheelchair.
        
        Prosthesis
        A prosthesis is an artificial body part that is worn to replace all or part of an arm, leg, hand or foot. Users choose a prosthesis to replace the function of the missing limb or for cosmetic reasons. A prosthesis of the lower limbs allows for the person to walk without the aid of other mobility devices.
      - Positioning equipment is used to support special needs children and adults in positions such as sitting, reclining, laying, crawling, or standing which they may not be able to do independently nor comfortably. Positioning aids can help the special needs user comfortably eat, interact, participate in therapy, play, sleep and more.
        
        Positioning aids:types
        
        Positioning Aids: types
- - - - Tool: CCTV magnification systems
        What it does: A closed-circuit TV (CCTV) magnification system allows visually blind or low vision individuals to project magnified images of any print material onto a video monitor or television screen using a hand-held or stand-mounted camera.
        Where to get it: CCTV magnification systems are typically available directly from the manufacturer, medical equipment distributors, or online from suppliers such as Enhanced Vision, Amazon.com, or The Chicago Lighthouse. (Sullivan, 2021)
    - - Tool: Accessible calculator
        What it does: Accessible calculators offer features from larger buttons and Braille displays to adjustable displays and speech output functions. Different types of accessible calculators are available including standard function, scientific, and graphing.
        Where to get it: Accessible calculators can be found in office supply stores and online through specialty suppliers such as Radio Shack, Amazon.com, Blazie Engineering, Orbit Research, and Casio. (Sullivan, 2021)
    - - "Students who are blind or visually impaired that use their tactual skills as a primary or secondary mode of learning will need tactual adaptations to materials in order for them to be accessible. There are a variety of low and medium technology devices that allow persons who are blind to access and produce braille, complete math activities and activities of daily living tactually" (Willings).
        
        A braille labeler is an easy-to-use, handheld braille labeler that makes it easy for people who are not familiar with braille to create labels. Labels can be applied to medicine, food, documents, and more. The downside of these labelers is that they only create uncontracted braille.
        
        Adaptive hardware simplifies the work with computers for users with low vision. Adaptive hardware includes enlarged, large print or high contrast keyboards, enlarged monitors, and other types of specially designed hardware.
        
        A full page writing guide can help students who are blind or have low vision to stay within the writing space.
        
        This Script Letter Board, available from APH, provides a way for students to explore upper and lower case cursive letters. Students can use a pencil or stylus to trace the incised script letters,
        
        A braille compass allows a student who is blind to find North, South, East and West independently. This equipment is very useful in Orientation & Mobility.
    - - Tool: Braille printer
        What it does: Braille printers connect to computers and allow users to print information in Braille via embossing pints onto heavyweight paper.
        Where to get it: Braille printers are available from manufacturers, such as Enabling Technologies Company, via online distributors such as EnableMart.com, and some refurbished models can be found on EBay. (Sullivan, 2021)