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disorders of impaired cerebral circulation - Coggle Diagram
disorders of impaired cerebral circulation
cerebral oedema
causes
Injery
Stroke
Infection
signs and symptoms
Difficult speaking
Memory loss
Inconvenience in consciousness
Pathophysiology
Damaged cells swell, injured blood vessels leak and blocked absorption pathways force fluid to enter brain tissues.
nursing intervention
Mannitol
Hypertonic saline
Administer diuretic
definition
also known as brain swelling. It's a life- threatening condition that causes fluid to develop in the brain.
health education
Quick smoking
Avoid alcohol
Wear head protective gears
introduction
Cerebral edema is excess accumulation of fluid (edema) in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain. This typically causes impaired nerve function, increased pressure within the skull, and can eventually lead to direct compression of brain tissue and blood vessels.
conclusion
It can sometimes be treated with medication and rest. Brain swelling can be very difficult to treat. It can also cause irreversible damage. The swelling can occur throughout the brain or in certain areas.
references
Wang, W., Chen, W., Zhang, Y., Su, Y. and Wang, Y., 2021. Post‐ traumatic cerebral fat embolism syndrome with a favourable outcome: a case report. BMC neurology, 21(1), pp.1-5.
cerrebral haemorrhage
Causes
Drugs abuse
Hypertension
Trauma
abnormally weak or dilated blood vessels that leak
signs and symptoms
Blind vision
Sudden seizures
Headaches
Speech problems
pathophysiology
Blood from an intracerebral hemorrhage accumulates as a mass that can dissect through and compress adjacent brain tissues, causing neuronal dysfunction.
nursing intervention
Encourage bed rest
Analgesic agents
Antiseizure agents.E.g. Epillim
Improve cerebral tissue perfusion.
Relief of sensory and perceptual
Fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K.
definition
A brain hemorrhage is bleeding in or around the brain.
Conclusion
Many patients who have experienced a brain hemorrhage do survive. If a patient survives the initial event of an intracranial hemorrhage, recovery may take many months.
introduction
Bleeding in the brain (also called a brain hemorrhage or brain bleed) can happen because of an accident, brain tumor, stroke, or high blood pressure caused by congenital or other health conditions. Brain bleed can reduce oxygen delivery to the brain, create extra pressure in the brain and kill brain cells.
references
Ohta, M., 2021. Causality assessment between reported fatal cerebral haemorrhage and suspected drugs: developing a new algorithm based on the analysis of the Japanese Adverse Event Report (JADER) database and literature review. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, pp.1-10.
Harrogate, S., Mortimer, A., Burrows, L., Fiddes, B., Thomas, I. and Rice, C.M., 2021. Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in COVID-19. Neuroradiology, 63(1), pp.149-152.
stroke
Signs and symptoms
are 55 years of age or older
have a personal or family history of stroke
have overweight or obesity
Diabetes
signs and symptoms
Numbness of the extremities
Difficulty in walking
Headache
Confusion
Pathophysiology
Ischemic stroke is caused by deficient blood and oxygen supply to the brain, hemorrhagic stroke is caused by bleeding or leaky blood vessels.
nursing intervention
Oxygen therapy
Blood thinners
IIV fluids
Bedrest
Definition
A stroke occurs when a blockage or bleed of the blood vessels either interrupts or reduces the supply of blood to the brain.
conclusion
damaged brain cells are not beyond repair. They can regenerate this process of creating new cells is called neurogenesis. The most rapid recovery usually occurs during the first three to four months after a stroke.
introduction
a stoke is divided into 3 main types. The ischemic, hemorrhagic and TIA. When a person experiences stroke they need emergency medical attention
references
Carpenito-Moyet, L. J. (2006). Handbook of nursing diagnosis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Lewis, S. M., Dirksen, S. R., Heitkemper, M. M., Bucher, L., & Harding, M. (2017). Medical- surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems