IMPARED CEREBRAL CIRCULATION

Haemophilia

Definition

Deficiency of one or more of the clotting factors carried on the X chromosome hence females are carrier's and males are sufferes

Phathophysiology

  • insufficient levels of clotting factors in the body , the clotting factors irregularity causes a lack of clumping of blood required to form a clot to plug a site of a wound
    -mutation in the genes that provides instructions for making the clotting factor protein needed to form a blood clot
    -

Clinical manifestations

-redness and swelling of the larger joints

  • pain
  • haematura
    -bleeding into muscle

Management

-Give a transfusion of blood and fresh frozen plasma as prescribed to replace blood loss
-Administer analgesics as prescribed for pain Assist with passive or range of motion exercises daily

  • Joint replacements are sometimes required Nursing management Clinical manifestations Nursing management
  • Patient should be put on bed rest with the head elevated to prevent intracranial bleeding
    -Instruct patients in measures to avoid constipation, as straining could use bleeding
    -Apply cold compresses to joints

Thrombocytopenia :

Definition

Disorder that occurs when there is a reduction of platelets, resulting in bleeding disorders. It may be congenital or acquired

Phathophysiology

-Bone marrow diseases, including aplastic anemia, leukemia, certain lymphomas and myelodysplastic syndromes
-Alcohol use disorder and alcoholism. Autoimmune disease which causes ITP
-Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy

Clinical manifestations

  • bleeding
    -joint pains causing by extravasations into tissues
    -fever
  • weakness
  • spontaneous bleeding from the nose, gums, urinary system and excessive masturbation in women
  • petechia in the skin as well as ecchymosis

Management

-Advice patients to use a soft- bristled toothbrush for cleaning their teeth and to use an electric razor for shaving to prevent bleeding .

  • Give a transfusion of blood and fresh frozen plasma as prescribed to replace blood loss
    -Administer analgesics as prescribed for pain Assist with passive or range of motion exercises daily
    -Joint replacements are sometimes required
    -Patient should be put on bed rest with the head elevated to prevent intracranial bleeding Instruct patients in measures to avoid constipation, as straining could use bleeding

References

Causes

-changes in genes-

Causes

-Alcohol use disorder and alcoholism.
-Autoimmune disease which causes ITP. ...
-Bone marrow diseases, including aplastic anemia, leukemia, certain lymphomas and myelodysplastic syndromes.
-Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy.