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Convulsive condition - Epilepsy - Coggle Diagram
Convulsive condition - Epilepsy
Defination
it is the condition that is characterized by reccuring spontaneous convulsions of unknown cause
Pathophysiology
spontaneous electrical discharge occurs from a group of neurons that are reffed as seizure focus, seizure activity may involve the entire brain, its clinical manifestations depend on the position of seizure
health education
teach patient to take his/her medication correctly as prescribed and instructed by the doctor
avoidance of harzadous activities like swiming and horse riding
avoid stress and anxiety as it may trigger the episodes of epilepsy
avoid heights
patient should be made aware of sedatives
teach patient about the risk of alcohol consumption
management
place the patient into recovery position
reassure the patient to prevent anxiety
nurse the patient on a cot sided beed
give prescribed anticonvulsant agents
ensure the environment is of no potential hazards
DRUG THERAPY
Phenytoin which prevent seizures impulse from spreading
Barbiturates- raises the thresh hold of neuronal impulse formation by preventing the spread of seizuresto the surrounding neurons
primidone
valproic acid
carbamazepine
Causes
congenital defects on central nervous system
meningitis of encephalitis
brain tumours
acidosis, hypoxia , and electrolytes imbalance
hyperpyrexia
trauma such as birth injuries
Risk factors
head injury
family history
infections
tumours
alzhemer's disease
Assessment and common findings
Petit mal epilepsy
sudden and momentary blackness of expressions or facial or limb twitch. patient does not usually fall or drop things, incontinent is usual
Grand mal epilepsy
it is characterised by generalized convulsions which follow a definite parttern
partial seizures
this type does not involve whole brain , the fit is localised and and may start in the hand and spread up arm and may involve one side of the body
complex partial seizure
here the seizure symptoms are accompanied by loss of conciousness
HYDROCEPHALUS
defination
water in the brain , the condition is due to accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the bran
Causes
developmental abnormalities of the brain
over production of CSF
developmental defect of spinal cord
meningitis
trauma
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Types
communicating hydrocephalus& non communicating hydrocephalus
pathophysiology
there is accumulation of cerebro spinal fluids within the cranial cavity of the brain which causes an increase in pressure in the cranial activity
management
surgiical - a shunt which isinserted into ventricles and connected to the right artrum or periconeal cavity from where it is absorbed into the circulation
monitoring ventricular shunt