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Social behaviors - Coggle Diagram

- - - - advantageous when biparental care AND hormones that evoke affiliation are proximate means to parental cooperation
      - can be induced if overstimulate expression of V1a receptors in ventral palladium of male montane voles WITH VIRAL VECTOR
  - - - pros: protection, cooperation
      - cons: potential for disease
  - - - when pups isolated from families for 5 min
        
        prairie
        
        high distress vocalizations, high cort inc
        
        montane
        
        no distress vocalizations and no change in cort
      - important for subsequent emotional stability
- - - - facilitate pair bonding in female voles
    - - block pair bonding (even in montane voles with overexpressed V1Rs)
    - - microdialysis - see inc DA release in brains of voles while mating
- - - - add intruder
        
        measure latency to attack, types and duration of attack, etc.
  - - - adolescent exposure to T programs the flank marking responses to T during adult male social interactions
        
        when given T in adulthood
        
        flank marking increased in those castrated in adulthood
        
        flank marking did not increase in those that were castrated before puberty
- - - - GDX before puberty disrupts this
        
        overall less flank marking and more aggression to reestablish hierarchy
- - - - social
        
        directed at conspecific to establish or maintain social hierarchy
      - predatory
        
        directed at prey; usually to obtain nutrition
      - maternal
        
        directed at threats to offspring
      - sexual
        
        directed at conspecific to engage or resist sexual encounter
      - self
        
        mostly just humans
  - - - freq dec in adulthood - replaced by flank marking
        
        AGONIST BEHAVIOR TO MAINTAIN DOMINANCE IN MALES (hamsters)
- - - - higher density of OXY Rs in NA and PFC of female prairie voles female than montane voles
      - OXY R blocker (antagonist) infused to NA or PFC prevents pair bonding
    - - promotes female pair bonding
      - promotes maternal behaviors
      - promotes sexual behavior
      - increases non-mating affiliation
      - facilitates social memory
      - reduces anxiety
    - - with intranasal OT
        
        more social orientation and affiliation towards other dogs
        
        higher affiliation and approach behavior towards human owners
      - extended gazing behavior by dog
        
        increases urinary OT levels of owner and dog
      - elevated OT in humans via intranasal OT
        
        facilitated affiliative behaviors
        
        increased OT concentrations in their dogs
  - - - higher density of VP Rs in ventral palladium of male prairie voles than montane voles
      - VP R blocker (antagonist) infused to Ventral Palladium prevented pair bonding in male prairie voles
      - treatment with VP or VP agonist facilitates pair bonding in male prairie voles but not montane voles
    - - BUT - if increase VP R expression with viral vector infusion, activate pair bonding