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FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY - Coggle Diagram
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
CONCEPTS
BIODIVERSITY
Increase dietary diversity
FOOD SECURITY
Quality diet and health sustainability
DIETARY DIVERSITY
Nutrients to create and sustain health
TERMS RELATED TO FOOD SECURITY
BIODIVERSITY
The range of variation visible in all forms of life region
DIETARY DIVERSITY
Variety of foods and/or food groups in diet
NUTRITION SECURITY
Have access to sufficient , safe and nutritious food and have safe water and adequate sanitation
FOOD SECURITY
Have access to sufficent , safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs
FOOD POVERTY
Household's inability to access a nutritionally adequate diet - malnutrition
VULNERABILITY TO FOOD INSECURITY
Risk of food insecurity
Determine by degree of at risk exposure and degree of resilience
LEVELS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
INDIVIDUAL UTILIZATION
Decision to choose depends of availability and accessibility of food
Physiological access ( body's ability to use nutrients for growth and development )
HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY
1 . Access to food supply
socio-political access
economic access
physical access
2. Access to an adequate food supply
socio-cultural availability
food safety
nutritional adequacy
3. Access to stable food supply
stability or sustainability of food throughout the year/over time
GLOBAL FOOD AVAILABILITY
need all people in the world provided food
total amount of food produced globally
vast numbers of people remain undernourished
NATIONAL FOOD AVAILABILITY
the national level is based on food balance sheets compiled by FAO per country
food supply
amount of food available for consumption by a country's population
HOW SHOULD A HOUSEHOLD RESPONSE TO FOOD SHORTAGE
CONSUMPTION COPING STRATEGIES
Rationing ( limit portion size , reduce no of meals/day )
Dietary change ( cheaper and less preferred foods )
Household structure ( reduce no of people , sending members elsewhere )
Food seeking ( short-term ,borrowing purchased food on credit )
LIVELIHOOD COPING STARTEGIES
Borrowing from formal/informal market
Re-allocating resources to reduce risk
Selling assets
-Migrate to areas with job
Reducing expenditure on health , education
Participate in income generate activities
SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEM
a food system that delivers food security and nutrition for all such as
has broad-based benefits for society ( social sustainability )
has a positive or neutral impact on natural environment ( environmental sustainability )
is profitable throughout ( economic sustainability )
sustainable food system lies at the heart of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
FOOD SYSTEM METRIC INDICATORS
FOOD SAFETY
GFSI Food Safety Score
Foodborne Disease Burden
RESILIENCE
ND-GAIN Country Index
Food Production Diversity
WASTE & LOSS REDUCTION
Post-Consumer Food Waste
Pre-Consumer Food Loss
ECOSYSTEM STABILITY
Land Use
Energy Use
Ecosystem Status
GHG Emissions
Net Freshwater Withdrawals
FOOD NUTRIENT ADEQUACY
MFA Diversity
Non-Staple Energy
Population Share with Adequate Nutrients
SOCIOCULUTURAL WELLBEING
Gender Equity Child Labor
Community Rights
Animal Health & Welfare
FOOD AFFORDABILITY & AVAILABILITY
GFSI Food Availability Score
Poverty Index
Income Equality
KEY TO FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
Agricultural development plays important role to poverty reduction
FAO (2015) - agriculture provides 38.3% of the world total labour force
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOOD SECURITY , SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
food systems that ensure food security and nutrition for all
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
agricultural development that contributes to improving resource efficiency , strengthening resilience and securing social equity/responsibility of agriculture
FACTORS UNDERLYING THE CURRENT STATUS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY
Biofuel generation and agricultural commodities
Food pricing & food security
Climate , agriculture and food security
FOOD SECURITY SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
Food security in dependent on agricultural sector
Sector detemines whether food security is assured or vice versa
In Malaysia , food is produced through agriculture while the shortage is supported by imports