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Forced Child Labour: Bangladesh - Coggle Diagram
Forced Child Labour: Bangladesh
Nature of work
Employers
Rushed injured child worker to the emergency room, but did not inform the mother. Why?
Are ignorant to the age of workers but rather focus on the capability of the workers
Some believe that child labour is not immoral, given that they are supporting the families that government has failed
Safety
Dangerous
Suffered bruises and bleeding several times after working at a glass factory
In July 2021, a fire that broke out in a juice factory killed 16 children labourers, with the youngest aged 11
Harsh
12 hours a day
Social Norms
Gender Inequality
Misogynistic
Sending daughters out to work is dangerous
Backfired: boys, who do not receive any stipends to stay in school, have now become victims of child labour
Familial Perceptions
Eldest child will go out to work to support the livelihoods of the younger siblings
Marrying off their daughters off to reduce their expenditures
Survey conducted by the nonprofit Manusher Jonno Foundation recorded almost 14,000 underage marriages across 1/3 of the country during the first 6 months of the lockdown
Parents do realise that they are shattering their children's ambitions and dreams by sending them to work or marrying them off
Begs the question: are the above observations in the same branch not "norms" but instead inevitable results due to poverty?
Poverty
Forcing girls into marriages to cut down family expenses
1 in 5 Bangladeshis live on less than $1.90 per day
Debt
Poor housing conditions
4 people eats and sleeps in a bare concrete room
Lack of social support for families facing financial collapse
Education in Bangladesh
Education System
Girls aged 11 to 16 receive a small uniform stipend and tuition subsidy of up to $40 every year to tackle the issues of child marriage and lack of accessibility of education to girls
Education is hence expensive for boys
Cost of secondary school education and tuition fees cost around $35 a year
Only compulsory until the age of 10
Teachers
Visiting students' homes to plead the parents physically to allow their children to return to school
Perception
Highly valued by the people
Neighbourhood families worked together to find a private tutor to teach a dozen of the local children for an hour every day
Viewed as not giving children a guaranteed future, why?
What do the children think?
Some want to stay in school
Anger towards their parents regarding their circumstance
11 year-old Alomgir threw his exercise books into the trash after being told he will not be able to return to school
Rafi is angry at his mother for ruining his life
Governmental actions
Inaction
Lack of statistical data on child labour
UNICEF's 2019 study revealed that 1 in 10 boys aged 12-14 in Bangladesh are working full-time
There has been no nationwide, government-led survey on child labour since 2013
Legislation is full of loopholes and not properly enforced
Current law is not extensive, allowing children to still be exploited in informal sectors such as domestic work and agriculture
Ratification of International Labour Organisation's (ILO) Convention 138 on child labour in March 2
COVID-19's impacts
School lockdowns
Tens of thousands of students pulled out, especially teenage boys
Boys went out to work as they have become the sole breadwinners of their families
Attendance figures for 20 schools across the country collated by TIME revealed that boys accounted for at least 59% of dropouts from March 2020 to November 2021
Employers have observed a marked increase in the number of parents willingly offering their sons up for work
Many moved to rural communities and enrolled in schools outside the city
Income drastically fell
Household income plunged by an average of 23% during the first 18 months of the pandemic
Loss of jobs
A successful entrepreneur lost his clothing business and had to work multiple jobs a day and that was still insufficient to pay back microcredit loans and cover rent
International action
Millions of dollars in foreign aid to support girls' education