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Religion from the late 1520s to 1547 Influences of the changes and cause…
Religion from the late 1520s to 1547
Influences of the changes and cause of the Reformation
influences
pressure on Henry
desire for Anne
need for an heir
uncertainty about rejecting the pope and his faith
Thomas More
most important conservative faction
Established councillors like the Duke of Norfolk
rising of the radical group offering solutions to Henry's problems
Cranmer, Cromwell, Anne Boleyn
factions
did Henry have control or was he being manipulated by the reformers?
in control
from 1530 Henry had a copy of the Collectanea Satis Copiosa
collection of legal and historical precedents defying papal jurisdiction in England
they had his own notes showing he was aware of the content
not in control
his ill health made him vulnerable
Howard marriage could've been influenced by Norfolk
fall of Gardiner and Norfolk
came after Gardiner refused to grant lands to the king
their fall shows influence of reformist faction as they fell for so little
European Reformation coming to England- influence of Martin Luther
Causes
personal
desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon
love for Anne Boleyn
wanted a male heir
political
securing the succession
wanted to increase his power
attracted by the wealth of the church
seizure of monastic land was a way of buying support from the nobility and gentry
Anne Boleyn's pregnancy
key individuals
The Pope refused to grant the divorce
The failure of Wolsey to secure an annulment
influence of individuals on Henry e.g Cromwell, Cranmer, Anne Boleyn
foreign influence
invention of printing press allowed religious translation to circulate widely
the Pope was under the control of Charles V
religious
protestant ideas
Martin Luther thought the state should have control over the church
survival of Lollardy
emphasis on the bible
followers of John Wycliffe
condemned clerical abuses
English reformers e.g Tyndale and St German
anticlericalism
criticism of the church by Humanist writers
antipapalism
abuses such as pluralism and absenteeism, sale of indlugences, simony, nepotism
e.g Wolsey
amount of land and wealth owned by the church
Henry's own piety
desire to purify the church
economic
Henry needed money to fund war with France
monasteries were very wealthy
dissolution of the monasteries
clerical taxes- church paid £4,800 per annum to Rome
Act for Payment of First Fruits meant church paid Henry £52,000 in 1536