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Acute otitis image, Conditions of Middle ear - Coggle Diagram
Acute otitis image
Definition
is defined as an infection of the middle ear and is the second most common pediatric diagnosis in the emergency department following upper respiratory infections.
Pathophysiology
inflammation of the middle ear and the eustachian tube has been identified as the major precipitating factor. Venous or lymphatic stasis in the nasopharynx or the eustachian tube plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of AOM.
This leads to a cascade of events resulting in an increase in negative pressure in the middle ear, increasing exudate from the inflamed mucosa, and buildup of mucosal secretions, which allows for the colonization of bacterial and viral organisms in the middle ea
The growth of these microbes in the middle ear then leads to suppuration and eventually frank purulence in the middle ear space. This is demonstrated clinically by a bulging or erythematous tympanic membrane and purulent middle ear fluid.
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Causes
The eustachian tube is the tube that runs from the middle of the ear to the back of the throat. An AOM occurs when your child’s eustachian tube becomes swollen or blocked and traps fluid in the middle ear. The trapped fluid can become infected. In young children, the eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal than it is in older children and adults. This makes it more likely to become infected.
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Nursing interventions
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Hygiene. Teach family members to cover mouths and noses when sneezing or coughing and to wash hands frequently.
Diet. Encourage breastfeeding of infants as breastfeeding affords natural immunity to infectious agents; position bole-fed infants upright when feeding.
Positioning. Have the child sit up, raise head on pillows, or lie on unaffected ear.
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References
AskMayoExpert. Acute otitis media. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018.
Jameson JL, et al., eds. Sore throat, earache, and upper respiratory symptoms. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2018. https://accessmedicine.mhmedicalcom. Accessed March 19, 2019.
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