Encephalocele

definition

is a sac-like protrusion or projection of the brain and the membranes that cover it through an opening in the skull.

Nursing intervention

Provide radiant warmer or place infant in an incubator (isolette) based on hypothermia evaluation keeping sac moist postoperatively

Causes

Treatment

encephalocele forms when the neural tube does not close properly during gestation

Encephalocele is treated with surgery to place the protruding part of the brain and the membranes covering it back into the skull and close the opening in the skull.

Clinical manifestation

too much fluid in the brain (called hydrocephalus)

loss of strength in the arms and legs

a small head

awkward movement of muscles, such as those used in walking and reaching.

delay in growth and development.

problems seeing

problems with breathing, heart rate, and swallowing

seizures

Complications

Hydrocephalus (abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain)

Spastic quadriplegia (paralysis of the arms and legs)

Microcephaly (smaller than average head size)

Ataxia (poor coordination and unsteadiness)

Developmental delays

Vision problems