Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Social cognition and prejudice - Coggle Diagram
Social cognition and prejudice
What is social cognition?
Social cognition is the study of how people
make sense
of others and themselves.
Focuses on how ordinary people
think and feel
about others and how they
think they think and feel
(Fiske & Taylor, 2013)
1980s - cognitive turn in social psychology
attributions
attitudes
prejudice
impression formation
Capacity to change our environment
Similar to self
Self-conscious targets
Making sense of others
Typically apply labels to people
What happens when the label gets activated?
Cuddy et al. (2005)
Application of social influence
"The science of persuasion""
Goal
one off compliance, maybe leading to longer-lasting attitude and behaviour change
End point
design campaigns
Studies
Crocetti et al. (2011) -
Developmental
Prejudice levels are already stabilised by adolescences - early education matters
Cognitive explanations
Got to keep world simple (can't take in everything)
Schemas for objects, scripts for situations, stereotypes for groups
Sidanius & Pratto (1999) -
Social Dominance Theory
Powerful instrument to keep society how it is
Social Dominance Theory
Says that every system comes with inequalities between groups
Typically maintained through intergroup behaviours:
Aggregated individual discrimination
Behavioural asymmetry (more powerful groups - less powerful)
Institutional discrimination (system set up to prevent changes)
These behaviours are fed my legitimising myths
Hierarchy-enhancing beliefs - subscribe to myths that keep up stable order
Hierarchy-attenuating - equal society for all
Social dominance orientation (SDO) will determine which one you believe
Prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination
Prejudice
- pre-judgement
Attitude (subjective evaluation) towards a person, based solely on that person's group membership
Stereotypes
Content that gets evaluated and leads to prejudice
Fiske et al. (2002) - very influential
Stereotype content model
Discrimination
Making a difference between people based on their group membership
Actual
behavioural outcome
of prejudice and stereotypes
Bottom-up and Top-down
Dual process models
Easy solution,
switch between
the two
Inconsistencies (fail to apply categorical info)
importance
threats
rewards
Impression formation model
Importance of the decision and other contingencies
Important outcomes for particular in the field of impression formation
Persuasion
How can a source of information sway another's attitudes or opinions
Elaboration likelihood model
Simple assumption that switch variable is people simply
differ
in how
detailed they process arguments
that are made by others.
Brewers (1988)
Bottom up
- specific (info you have) to general
Top down
- general to specific
Stereotype-threat theory
Act in anticipation of being stereotyped
Found stereotypes can undermine intellectual performance
Steele & Aronson (1995)
Procedure
Split participants into three groups (stereotype-threat, non-stereotype threat, and a challenging non-diagnostic test)
All given same test, instructions differed
Findings
Changing instructions
reduced
African-American's concern about conforming to a negative stereotype about their group.
African-American students had more negative stereotypes of their group when the task was said to be a measure of intelligence
Problems with self-report measures
Can pick up incorrect information
Biases
Social desirability
Might not want to disclose