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Anencephaly - Coggle Diagram
Anencephaly
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Nursing Management
There is no treatment for anencephaly; instead, the child is provided with supportive care.
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As these infants die within days or weeks of being born grief management should be offered to the parents and family
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Nursing care plan
Nursing intervention
Allocate a private room if patient wants it, with regular contact by care providers. Encourage of feelings unlimited visiting by family and friends
Support free flow of emotional expression. Only restrict behavior that is dangerous to well-being of patient/couple (e.g., pulling out IV, using fists to pound on abdomen)
Include partner in planning care. Grant opportunity for partner to be seen individually. Reinforce discussion of concerns
Discover the magnitude of the loss for both members of the couple. Regard how strongly couple desired this pregnancy
Desired outcomes
Patient participates in self-care activities of daily living (ADLs), as able
Patient looks toward/plan for future, one day at a time
Patient identifies and expresses feelings (e.g., sadness, guilt, fear) freely
Patient recognizes impact/effect of the grieving process (e.g., physical problems of eating, sleeping) and inquires proper help
Definition
Anencephaly is the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development stage.
Causes
During pregnancy, the brain and spine begin as a flat plate of cells. This plate rolls into a tube called the neural tube. The tube is completely formed 28 to 32 days after conception. If all or part of the neural tube fails to close, this leaves an opening. The opening is called an open neural tube defect. The opening in the tube may be left exposed. Or it may be covered with bone or skin. Anencephaly is when the neural tube fails to close at the base of the skull
Pathophysiology
In the normal human embryo, the neural plate arises approximately 18 days after fertilization. During the fourth week of development, the neural plate invaginates along the embryonic midline to form the neural groove. The neural tube is formed as closure of the neural groove progresses from the middle toward the ends in both directions, with completion between day 24 for the cranial end and day 26 for the caudal end. Disruptions of the normal closure process give rise to NTDs. Anencephaly results from failure of neural tube closure at the cranial end of the developing embryo. Absence of the brain and calvaria may be partial or complete