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Disorders Of the External Ear - Coggle Diagram
Disorders Of the External Ear
ORTITIS EXTERNA
Defination
It is an infection of the ear canal, the tube that leads from the outside opening of the ear in towards the ear drum.
Signs and symptoms
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Pain, tenderness or pulling of the pinna, redness and itching of the skin lining of the ear
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Causes
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Middle ear infection (otitis media)- discharge produced by an infection deeper in the ear can sometimes lead to otitis externa
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Seborrhoeic dermatitis - a common skin condition where the naturally greasy areas of your skin become irritated and inflammed, which can sometimes affect the ears
Pathophysiology
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It is a painful condition caused when irritating or infective agents come into contact with the skin of the external ear
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Nursing Care Plan
Gently remove any discharge, earwax or debris from the outer ear using a twist of cotton wool
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Encourage the patient to remove or to avoid anything from the affected ear that may cause allergic reaction, such as earphones or hearing aids, ear plugs and earings
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Give antibiotics ear drops as prescribed to the patient and ensure to teach the patient about how and when to use ear drops
Ear Abscess/ Funculosis
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Sings And Symptoms
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Tender, warm and very painful
Bumpy, red, pus filled lumps around a hair follicle
Causes
Water trapped during a bath or swimming may change the flora of the external canal to produce infection
The warm, dark environment of the ear provides good medium for the growth of micro- organisms
Trauma may be caused by pricking the ear with a sharp object.e.g match stick which causes break in the skin
Pathophysiology
A boil , also called a furuncle is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue
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Cerumen Imperfection
Defination
A condition in which earwax has become tightly packed in the external ear canal to the point that the canal is blocked
Signs and symptoms
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May experience a sensation of fullness in the ear, with or without hearing loss
Causes
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Use of Q -tips( and other objects such as Bobby pins and rolled napkin corners), which can remove superficial wax but also pushes the rest of the wax deeper into the ear canal
Pathophysiology
Cerumen (wax) is the most common cause of an impacted canal. A canal can also become impacted as a result of foreign bodies that can enter or be placed in the external ear canal
Nursing Care Plan
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A nurse must ensure that the wax that is on the tympanic membrane must only be removed by the physician or professional nurse
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When there is tympanic perforation a nurse should ensure that irrigation is not done because water may get into the middle ear and cause eardrum damage
Perichondritis
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Causes
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Systemic inflammatory conditions( e.g. vasculitides such as granulomatosis with polyangitis, relapsing polychondritis)
Pathophysiology
Perichondritis is an infection of the perichondrium, a tough, fibrous tissue layer that surrounds the cartilage and shapes the pinna
This tissue supplies blood to the ear cartilage. Infection can be caused by opening an area of pus or localized infection.
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